The nominal strains were used in conjunction with axial misalignment measurements to calculate the stress range in the region of fatigue crack initiation. (W 16) (1)

Stress range = Faixa de tensão

A relationship between cyclic strain range and the number of cycles to initiation is derived using, for example, the Coffin-Manson law. (W 112) (2)

Strain range = Faixa de deformação

Since the purpose of the paper is to illustrate and compare differences between approaches to fatigue design assessment, allowable cycles are determined as a function of the pressure range. (W 23) (3)

Pressure range = Faixa de pressão

(1) Estimating long-endurance fatigue strength of girth-welded pipes using local stress approach

Yanhui Zhang and Steve J Maddox 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at Proceedings 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2014) June 8-13, 2014, San Francisco, USA.

(2) BS 7910: History and future developments

Isabel Hadley

Paper presented at 2009 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Sustainable Energy for the Third Millennium, Prague, Czech Republic, 26-30 July 2009.

(3) Comparison of Approaches to Design Fatigue Assessment With Reference to a Pressure Vessel Designed to an Old Standard

J B Wintle, E Soileux, E Hutchison 

TWI Ltd, 

Cambridge, UK 

Proc of European Symposium on Pressure Equipment (ESOPE) 2013, 8-10 October, Paris, France.