GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

QUESTION 1

Find in the text below the English word for   “Soldagem”

Health and safety in welding is always an important topic and within an increasing litigious and informed society like ours, interest will continue to accelerate in the future.(W 55)

 

Eur Ing Geoff Melton TWI Ltd., Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge, UK.Eighth European Conference on Joining Technology, Eurojoin 8, Pula, Croatia, 24 – 26 May 2012.

 

Welding

QUESTION 1.1

Find in the text below the English word for  “superfície”

If a flaw is directly exposed to the environment (internal surface cracks), the fracture toughness should be determined from specimens tested in the simulated environment. (W 19)

Techniques for determining the effect of a sour environment on fracture toughness of steel

Muhammad Ali and Richard Pargeter 

TWI LTd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper Presented at Steely Hydrogen. 2nd International Conference on Metals and Hydrogen. 5-7 May 2014., Gent, Belgium.

 

Surface

QUESTION 1.2

Which is the best translation of “transverse tests” into Portuguese in the text below?

For transverse tests, the mechanism was favored at higher temperatures and lower stress levels. (W 22)

a) Testes contínuos;

b) Testes transversais;

c) Testes sequenciais;

Review of type IV cracking of weldments in 9– 12%Cr creep strength enhanced ferritic steels.

D. J. Abson and J. S. Rothwell* 

TWI Ltd

International Materials Reviews, November 2013, 58(8), 437-473.

 

Testes transversais

QUESTION 1.3

Find in the text below the English verb corresponding to the word “carregado” in Portuguese.

The first of the specimens was statically loaded to failure to establish the yield strength of the material which was then used to calculate the appropriate stress range for the fatigue test. (W 21)

Measuring the crack growth rate (da/dt) of a fatigue crack using phased array ultrasonics

Channa Nageswaran 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK

TWI Member Publication, 28th November 2013.

 

Loaded

QUESTION 1.4

The best translation into Portuguese of the verb “swap” in the text below is,

One way to suppress such a failure rate is to swap the image sequence and perform the whole measuring process again. (W 115)

a) Trocar;

b) Repetir;

c) Eliminar

Deformation pattern based digital image correlation method and its application to residual stress measurement

Jianxin Gao* and Haixia Shang 

*Corresponding author

Paper published in Applied Optics, vol.48. issue 7, 2009. pp.1371 – 1381.

 

Trocar

QUESTION 1.5

Find in the text below the English expression for “equipamentos de terraplenagem” 

The long-established manufacturer of heavy earth-moving machinery has among its products a range of long-reach excavators. Model VC30, the subject of this study, is the largest in the range with a maximum reach of 30m. (Welding 312)

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/on-site-strain-gauging-and-fatigue-analysis-270/ – 2016-05-13

Earth-moving machinery

QUESTION 1.6

Find in the text below the English expression for  “condições adversas”

 Inspection by conventional methods is extremely difficult because of poor access, the harsh environment, and heavy galvanising and paint on the welds. (Welding 144)

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/leak-check-simplifies-mast-crack-testing-130/ – 2013-05-29.

 

Harsh environment

QUESTION 1.7

In the text below, what does HAZ mean?

The weld thermal cycle imposed upon the HAZ creates a severe disturbance in the finely balanced microstructure, with a severe detrimental effect on creep strength. (W 22)

a) Heat assured zone;

b) Heat affected zone;

c) Heat altered zone

Review of type IV cracking of weldments in 9– 12%Cr creep strength enhanced ferritic steels.

D. J. Abson and J. S. Rothwell* 

TWI Ltd

International Materials Reviews, November 2013, 58(8), 437-473.

 

Heat affected zone

QUESTION 1.8

In the text below, what does hic mean?

The resulting microstructures and consequent localised hardening have been associated with sensitivity of the dissimilar metal interface to hic. (W 39)

a) Hydrogen-inverted cracking;

b) Hydrogen-induced cracking;

c) Hydrogen-implemented cracking;

Environment-Induced Cracking In Weld Joints In Subsea Oil And Gas Systems – Part II.

M. F. Dodge, H. B. Dong 

Department of Engineering University of Leicester, Leicester, UK..

M. Milititsky, R. P. Barnett, M. F. Gittos 

TWI Ltd. Great Abington, Cambridge, UK.

Presented at Proceedings of the ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2013 June 9-14, 2013, Nantes, France.

 

Hydrogen-induced cracking

QUESTION 1.9

Which is the best translation of the English expression “forging action” into Portuguese in the text below?

If the welding pressure is inadequate, the weld will receive insufficient forging action from the tool shoulder to achieve full consolidation. (W 133)

a) Composição forjada;

b) Processo de forjamento;;

c) Atividade forjada;

Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys

P L Threadgill1, A J Leonard2, H R Shercliff3 and P J Withers*4

1TWI, Granta Park, Great Abington CB21 6AL, UK

2BP International, Compass Point, 79-87 Kingston Rd, Staines, Middx TW18 1DY, UK

3Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK

4School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester M1 7HS, UK

*Corresponding author, email philip.withers@man.ac.uk 

†Other terms have been used in the literature, namely ‘shear side’ and ‘flow side’, but these are ambiguous and have been discouraged.[4]

Paper presented at International Materials Reviews, vol.54. no.2. March 2009. pp. 49-93.

 

Processo de forjamento

QUESTION 2

Find in the text below the English expression for  “placa plana”

Use of a flat plate reference stress solution has been suggested as a simple expedient. (W 59)

 

Assessment of Flaws in Pipe Girth Welds

Henryk Pisarski

TWI Ltd, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at the CBMM-TMS International Conference on Welding of High Strength Pipeline Steels

Araxá, Brasil

28-30 November 2011.

 

Flat plate

QUESTION 2.1

Find in the text below a synonym for the English verb “Do”

Both welds were carried out using a system with a beam parameter product of 7mm.mrad and at a welding speed of 15m/min, the laser focus on the material surface and using 4000W of power at the work-piece. (W 256)

The effect of spot size and laser beam quality on welding performance when using high-power continuous wave solid-state lasers

Geert Verhaeghe and Paul Hilton, TWI Ltd

Paper presented at ICALEO 2005, 24th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, October 31-November 4, 2005, Miami, Florida, USA. Paper #5

 

Carry out

QUESTION 2.2

Find in the text below the English word for “tração”

Samples were taken from a C-Mn steel girth welded pipe, manufactured to API 5L X65, and were subjected to tensile and compressive strain to simulate the pipe installation. (W 296)

The effect of strain on the susceptibility of pipeline girth welds to sulfide stress cracking

P A Shenton 

Paper presented at NACE 2005 Houston, Texas, 3-7 April 2005.

 

Tensile

QUESTION 2.3

Guess the infinitive and the participle forms of the Auxiliary (past) Verb “Were” present in the text below.

Two alloy types were considered in the test, a stainless steel with a composition similar to 316L and a nickel alloy with composition “similar to alloy” 625. (W 373)

The corrosion behaviour of HVOF sprayed stainless steel and nickel alloy coatings in artificial seawater

A J Sturgeon 

Paper No.03245 presented at CORROSION 2003, NACE Conference, 16-21 March 2003, San Diego, CA, USA

 

To be;

Been

QUESTION 2.4

Which relative pronoun can replace “that” in the sentence below?

Butt welds have been reproducibly made with a quality that exceeds the most stringent aerospace weld quality criteria. (W 99)

a) Who;

b) Which;

c) Whom;

 

Nd:YAG laser welding of titanium alloys using a directed gas jet

Jonathan Blackburn 

Laser Processing Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom

Chris Allen and Paul Hilton 

TWI Ltd., Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, United Kingdom

Lin Li 

Laser Processing Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom

Copyright 2010, Laser Institute of America, Orlando, Florida. Reproduced with permission from Journal of Laser Applications, Volume 22, Number 2, pages 71-78. The Laser Institute of America disclaims any responsibility or liability resulting from the placement and use in the described manner.

Paper published in Journal of Laser Applications, Vol.22. No.2. 2010. pp. 71-78.

 

Which

QUESTION 2.5

Which modal can replace the verb “may” with the same function in the sentence below?

The well defined responses from the far end of the plate may be clearly seen on the screen. (W 146)

a) Can;

b) Ought to;

c) Should;

 

Long term monitoring of offshore installations using ultrasonic guided waves

P J Mudge, S Chan 

TWI Ltd

Granta Park, Cambridge, UK

M Kayous 

Plant Integrity Ltd

Granta Park, Cambridge, UK

E Andersen, J K F Andersen 

DONG Energy

Fredericia, DK

Paper presented at BINDT annual conference 2008, 15-18 September 2008, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.

 

Can

QUESTION 2.6

A synonym for the word “data” present in the text below is,

The determination of suitable endurance or fatigue crack growth rate data is of course dependent on ensuring that tests are carried out under appropriate environmental conditions. (W 195).

a) Date;

b) Information;

c) Dice;

 

Corrosion fatigue behaviour of welded risers and pipelines

D P Baxter, S J Maddox and R J Pargeter 

26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, OMAE 2007, San Diego, California, 10-15 June 2007. Paper no. 29360.

 

Information

QUESTION 2.7

Find in the text below the English verb that corresponds to “fazer o melhor de”.

The analysis of the beam propagation and interaction with the defects was simulated in order to optimize and predict the performance of the phased array technique in terms of critical area coverage and defect response. (W 42)

Development of an automated scanner and phased array ultrasonic testing technique for the inspection of nozzle welds in the nuclear industry

Dimosthenis Liaptsis, Dawei Yan and Ian Cooper 

TWI NDT Validation Centre (Wales)

Vasilios Papadimitriou, Ioannis Roditis and Panagiotis Chatzakos 

Innora Ltd-Innovation Robotics Automation

59 Ioanni Metaxa Str., 19400, Koropi, Athens, Greece

Paper presented at BINDT 2012 – 51st Annual Conference of the British Institute for Non-Destructive Testing, Daventry, UK. 11-13 September 2012.

 

Optimize

QUESTION 2.8

What does GTA mean in the text below?

The starting point in the present work is the performance of a typical commercially produced weld by the hot wire GTA weld. (W 124)

a) Gas titanic arc;

b) Gas tungsten arc;

c) Gas transverse arc;

Hydrogen embrittlement of 8630M/625 subsea dissimilar joints: Factors that influence the performance

Viviane C M Beaugrand, Lee S Smith and Mike F Gittos 

Department of Metallurgy, Corrosion and Surfacing

TWI Ltd

Great Abington, Cambridge, UK

Paper presented at ASME 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, OMAE 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii, 31 May – 5 June 2009. Paper # OMAE 2009 – 80030.

 

Gas tungsten arc

QUESTION 2.9

Find in the text below a synonym for the English word “skill”

 TWI exploits its intellectual property daily through the selling of know-how and expertise to member companies world-wide and participation in various funded research projects. (W 424)

European-sponsored NDT Research at TWI Ltd

A Khalid

Paper published in Insight, vol.44, no.3, March 2002. pp.166 -178.

 

 

Expertise

QUESTION 3

Find in the text below the English word for  descarga”

For the current generation of steels, the weld metal selected must have sufficient creep strength to support any offloading that may occur during service. (W 22)

 

Review of type IV cracking of weldments in 9– 12%Cr creep strength enhanced ferritic steels. D. J. Abson and J. S. Rothwell* 

TWI Ltd

International Materials Reviews, November 2013, 58(8), 437-473.

 

Offloading

QUESTION 3.1

Find in the text below the English expression for “fator determinante”

The figure shows elastic and elastic-plastic J-integral at the position of the flaw experiencing the largest crack driving force. (W 9)

Analysis of limit load for embedded flaws in pipeline girth welds. Part II: Development and validation of new fea models

Tyler London and Isabel Hadley* 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Presented at ESIA13, 13th International Conference on Engineering Structural Integrity Assessment, 19 and 20 May 2015, Manchester, UK

   

Driving force

QUESTION 3.2

Find in the text below the English word for “digitalização” 

A high value of gain during scanning will lead to a darker radiograph, which can be used to reduce exposure times. This will of course lead to lower sensitivity. A lower value of gain will result in a lighter image. (W 328)

Digital radiography – is it for you?

Bruce Blakeley

Paper published in Insight, July 2004

Keywords: Computed Radiography, Imaging Plates.

 

Scanning

QUESTION 3.3

Find in the text below a synonym for “invariable”

…A method for determination of fracture resistance curves and initiation values for stable crack extension in metallic materials. (W 17)

The Effect of Notch Sharpness on the Fracture Toughness Determined from SENT Specimens

Philippa Moore 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK 

Paper presented at Proceedings of the ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2014 June 8-13, 2014, San Francisco, California, USA

 

Stable

QUESTION 3.4

Find in the text below the English expression for  “em escala industrial”

Development of fatigue testing of full-scale girth welded pipes under variable amplitude loading. (W 48)

The Effect of Notch Sharpness on the Fracture Toughness Determined from SENT Specimens

Philippa Moore 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK 

Paper presented at Proceedings of the ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2014 June 8-13, 2014, San Francisco, California, USA.

 

Full-scale

QUESTION 3.5

What does CTS mean in the text below?

An experimental procedure has been developed for CTS tests on hydrogen charged parent material. (W 101)

a) Compatibility Test Suite;

b) Compatibility Technical Suite;

c) Compatible test Suit;

Welding Of Hydrogen Charged Steel For Modification Or Repair

The effect of hydrogen in base metal is confirmed, and advice provided on the welding of C-Mn and Cr-Mo steel which contains hydrogen

By R J Pargeter and M D Wright

The authors were awarded the A F Davis Silver Medal for this paper by the AWS in 2011.

Paper published in Welding Journal Vol.89 No.2, February 2010 pp 34s – 42s.

 

Compatibility Test Suite

QUESTION 3.6

Guess the adjective corresponding to the noun “reliability” present in the text below.

‘Safety and reliability of welded components in energy and processing industry` (W 22)

Review of type IV cracking of weldments in 9– 12%Cr creep strength enhanced ferritic steels.

D. J. Abson and J. S. Rothwell* 

TWI Ltd

International Materials Reviews, November 2013, 58(8), 437-473.

 

Reliable

QUESTION 3.7

Find in the text below the English word for “fissura”

The distances between the fatigue pre-crack tip and the fusion line were measured using an optical microscope. (W 34)

The effect of inclusions on the fracture toughness of local brittle zones in the HAZ of girth welded line pipe

Philippa Moore and Joanna Nicholas 

TWI Ltd, 

Cambridge, UK.

Proceedings of the ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering 

June 9-14, 2013, Nantes, France

 

Crack

QUESTION 3.8

Which of the expressions below does “HV coating” refer to?

The HV coating displayed a large passive region, where the current density was low. (W 149)

a) High voltage electrostatic charge;

b) High volts electrical charge;

c) High voltage electric charge;

Overview of recent welding-related pipeline technology advances at TWI

Edited by Christoph Wiesner

Paper presented at International Symposium of Prof Masao Toyoda’s retirement from Osaka University: ‘From Welding and Fracture Mechanics to Pipeline Technology’ – 29 June 2008.

 

High voltage electrostatic charge

QUESTION 3.9

The best translation of “newly developed techniques” into Portuguese is:

……The newly developed corner welding techniques offer the potential to extend the range of applications where FSW can be applied. (W 74)

a) Técnicas desenvolvidas novamente;

b) Técnicas modernas em desenvolvimento;

c) Técnicas recém-desenvolvidas;

Novel techniques for corner joints using friction stir welding

J P Martin1, C Stanhope1 and S Gascoyne2

1TWI Technology Centre (Yorkshire)

2Centre for Doctoral training in Advanced Metallic Systems, Sheffield

Paper presented at TMS 2011 Annual Meeting & Exhibition. San Diego, CA., USA. 27 Feb. – 3 Mar. 2011

Friction stir welding, aluminium alloys, corner welding, novel FSW techniques

 

Técnicas recém-desenvolvidas

QUESTION 4

Find in the text below the English word for the Portuguese expression em linha reta”

Very good linear friction welds have been made in materials with quite different properties from those of titanium and nickel. (W 75)

 

Solid state joining of metals by linear friction welding: A literature review

Imran Bhamji1,*, Michael Preuss1, Philip L. Threadgill2, Adrian C. Addison3 

1Manchester Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, M1 7HS.

2Formerly with TWI Ltd, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, now retired

3TWI Ltd, Cambridge, CB21 6AL

*Corresponding author. Email: Imran.bhamji@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk

Paper published in Materials Science & Technology 2010. Vol.27. No.1. Jan 2011. pp.2-12.

 

Linear

QUESTION 4.1

In the text below, what does LRU mean?

The finite element technique has been applied in all modelling fields in mechanics, including (LRU) for the calculation of dispersion curves and mode characteristics. (W 107)

a) Long Ray Ultrasonics;

b) Long Range Ultrasonics;

c) Long Range Ultrasounds;

Modelling guided waves in complex structures – Part 2: Wire bundles – with and without insulation

Yousef Gharaibeh1, 2, Slim Soua1, Graham Edwards1, Peter Mudge1  and Wamadeva Balachandran2 

1Long Range Ultrasonic (LRU) Section, TWI, Cambridge, UK

2School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK

Paper presented at NDT 2009, Blackpool, UK, 15-17 Sept. 2009.

Long Range Ultrasonics

QUESTION 4.2

Find in the text below the English expression for the Portuguese wordextensômetros”

The nominal strains measured by the strain gauges were used in conjunction with measurements of axial misalignment of the joint, made after testing, to calculate the local stress range in the region of fatigue crack initiation. (W 48)

Fatigue testing of full-scale girth welded pipes under variable amplitude loading

Yan-Hui Zhang and Stephen J Maddox, 

TWI Limited, Cambridge, UK

Paper presented at OMAE 2012 31st Annual Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 1-6 July 2012, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Paper No.83054.

 

Strain gauges

QUESTION 4.3

Find in the text below the English adjective for “insatisfatório/a”

The class surveyor’s workload is such that they may not have adequate equipment or the time to carry out thorough inspections… This illustrates the importance of quality control by welding supervisors, since even an approved welding procedure can produce poor welding if not followed correctly during fabrication. (W 131)

The importance of welding quality in ship construction

P.L. Moore 

Paper presented at Analysis and design of Marine Structures 2nd International Conference on Marine Structures (MARSTRUCT 2009) March 16- 18, 2009 Lisbon, Portugal.

 

 

Poor

QUESTION 4.4

The best translation of “shielding gas” into Portuguese in the text below is:

The operating parameters such as the arc voltage, current, shielding gas, and electrode wire feed rate control the transfer mode. (W 81)

 

a) Gás de proteção;

b) Gás de arco;

c) Gás de infiltração;

Paper presented at Stainless Steel World America 2010, Houston, Texas, USA, 5-7 October 2010.

V Kumar, C Lee, G Verhaeghe, S Raghunathan, 

TWI Limited, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, United Kingdom

Gás de proteção

QUESTION 4.5

The best translation of the word “attainment” into Portuguese in the text below is:

Despite the attainment of low levels of porosity and oxide, the coatings to not appear to offer the same level of corrosion resistance as the corresponding bulk materials. (W 453)

a) Ausência;

b) Presença;

c) Alteração;

Microstructure characteristics and corrosion behaviour of HVOF sprayed metallic coatings

A J Sturgeon 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge, UK

Paper AS153 presented at ITSC 2001 International Thermal Spray Conference, 28-30 May 2001, Singapore.

Presença

QUESTION 4.6

Find in the text below a synonym for the word “imperfections”

Guidance on…methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in fusion welded structures. (W 235)

Validation of fracture assessment procedures through full-scale testing

Isabel Hadley and Philippa Moore

Paper presented at FITNET 2006. International Conference on Fitness-for-Service, 17-19 May 2006, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Paper FITNET 06-018.

Flaws

QUESTION 4.7

What is the best translation of “slag” into Portuguese?

a) Lixo;

b) Escória;

c) Sobras;

Moving Contact Arc Welding

G Verhaeghe, S Fisher (BNFL), W M Thomas, R L Jones and P Woollin 

Presented at International Conference on ‘Exploiting advances in arc welding technology’, Cambridge, UK, 30-31 March 1998.

 

Escória

QUESTION 4.8

The best translation for “upper bound curve” into Portuguese is: (W 195)

a) Curva do limite superior;

b) Curva do limite estimado;

c) Curva do limite ampliado;

Corrosion fatigue behaviour of welded risers and pipelines

D P Baxter, S J Maddox and R J Pargeter 

26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, OMAE 2007, San Diego, California, 10-15 June 2007. Paper no. 29360.

 

Curva do limite superior

QUESTION 4.9

The best translation of “creep strength” into Portuguese is: (W 121)

a) Força motriz;

b) Resistência à cedência;

c) Resistência a impacto;

Prediction of creep crack growth properties of P91 parent and welded steel using remaining failure strain criteria

Shervin Maleki, Yanhui Zhang 

TWI Ltd

Granta Park, Great Abington

Cambridge CB21 6AL

UK

Kamran Nikbin 

Imperial College London

South Kensington Campus

London SW7 2AZ

UK

Paper presented at WELDS 2009: Design, testing, assessement and safety of high-temperature welded structures. Fort Myers, FL. USA. 24-26 June 2009.

 

Resistência à cedência

QUESTION 5

Which is the best translation of “joining metals” into Portuguese present in the text below?

The report provided a broad view of the capabilities of the LFW process for joining metals. (W 75)

a) Fusão de metais;

b) Interação de metais;

c) Alinhamento de metais

 

Solid state joining of metals by linear friction welding: A literature review

Imran Bhamji1,*, Michael Preuss1, Philip L. Threadgill2, Adrian C. Addison3 

1Manchester Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, M1 7HS.

2Formerly with TWI Ltd, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, now retired

3TWI Ltd, Cambridge, CB21 6AL

*Corresponding author. Email: Imran.bhamji@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk

Paper published in Materials Science & Technology 2010. Vol.27. No.1. Jan 2011. pp.2-12

 

 

Fusão de metais

QUESTION 5.1

Find in the text below a synonym for the word “solutions”

Supermartensitic stainless steels (SMSS) have high strength and good resistance to corrosion in produced fluids containing CO 2 and are cheaper than other competing corrosion resistant alloys. (W 245)

Use of supermartensitic stainless steel pipe for offshore flowline applications

P Woollin and A Kostrivas 

Proceedings of OMAE 2006 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering

June 4-9, 2006, Hamburg, Germany. Paper OMAE2006-92351.

 

Fluids

QUESTION 5.2

Find in the text below a synonym for the verb “create(d)”

The Clearweld ® process was invented by TWI and has been successfully commercialised by the Gentex Corporation. (W 243)

Application studies using through-transmission laser welding of polymers

Marcus Warwick and Marcus Gordon 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AL, UK

Paper presented at Joining Plastics 2006, London, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), 25-26 April 2006.

 

Invented

QUESTION 5.3

Which sequence below corresponds to …..”a project funded by several Sponsors in the oil and gas industry” present in the text.

The work presented in this paper was undertaken as part of a project funded by several Sponsors in the oil and gas industry. (W 44)

a) Um projeto criado por vários especialistas das indústrias de óleo e gás.;

b) Um projeto financiado por vários patrocinadores da indústria de petróleo e gás;

c) Um projeto desenvolvido por vários patrocinadores da indústria de petróleo e gás;

Evaluation of ultrasonic phased array and laser optical techniques for inspection of the root and hot pass in girth welds

Channa Nageswaran and Ana?s Bourgeon 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Richard Gooch 

OMS, Twyford Business Centre, London Road, Bishops Stortford, CM23 3YT, UK

Paper presented at INSIGHT 2012

Um projeto financiado por vários patrocinadores da indústria de petróleo e gás

QUESTION 5.4

Find in the text below the English word for vestuário”

Laser welding is used to attach fabrics to rigid components such as microphones and work is ongoing to develop procedures and equipment for automated welding of garments.

(W 222)

Innovation in materials joining technologies

Authors: Sue Dunkerton 1 and Jon Simpson 2 

1 TWI Ltd., Granta Park, Gt Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AL, UK

2 TWI Training & Certification (S.E.Asia) Sdn. Bhd., No 8 Jalan TSB 10, Sg. Buloh Industrial Park, 4700 Sg Buloh Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Paper presented at IMTCE 2006, 17-20 July 2006, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Garments

QUESTION 5.5

Which is the best translation of the expression …”weld root” in the text below?

At both the weld start and stop positions, the residual stress was markedly higher at the weld root than at the weld cap. (W 38)

a) Solda básica;

b) Raiz soldada;

c) Raiz da solda;

Measurement and modelling of residual stresses in offshore circumferential welds

Yan-Hui Zhang, Simon Smith, Liwu Wei and Carol Johnston 

TWI Ltd 

Cambridge, United Kingdom

Alexander Stacey 

Health & Safety Executive London, United Kingdom

Paper presented at Proceedings 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2013) June 9-14, 2013, Nantes, France.

 

Raiz da solda

QUESTION 5.6

Find in the text below the noun corresponding to “switch”

Orbital welding of stainless steel tube is often difficult due to several problems including the capacity limitation with the welding head, heat build-up in the tube material, weld sagging, and the deflection of the arc from the seam at locations corresponding to the long seam joint resulting in lack of penetration. (W 129)

Investigation of the A-TIG mechanism and the productivity benefits in TIG welding

V Kumara, Bill Lucasa, D Howsea, G Meltona, S Raghunathan a and Louriel Vilarinhob

aTWI Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom

bFederal University of Uberlandia, Brazil

Paper presented at 15th International Conference on the Joining of Materials (JOM 15) and 6th International Conference on Education in Welding (ICEW 6) Helsingor, Denmark, 3-6 May 2009.

                        

Deflection

QUESTION 5.7

Guess the verb forms corresponding to the nouns “aim”, “inspection” and “corrosion” in the text below.

The aim of the inspections was to detect possible atmospheric corrosion at the 6 o’clock position at the interface between the headers and the concrete supports. (W 147)

Development of a permanent installation tool for structural health monitoring

Malik Kayous, Gary Penney, Ian Daniel and Paul Jackson

Plant Integrity Ltd

Paper presented at BINDT annual conference 2008, 15-18 September 2008, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.

 

Aim;  Inspect;  Corrode.

QUESTION 5.8

Find in the text below a synonym for the noun “part”

Two possibilities for repairing the cracks and thus increasing the service life of the component were evaluated. The first involved use of the laser beam to simply re-melt the crack formed in the weld metal of the original arc welds and the second involved the use of filler wire to provide a degree of reinforcement to the original weld.  (W 479)

Remote crack repair welding in steels using high power Nd:YAG lasers

N C Sekhar and P A Hilton, TWI, and M Tilsley, Magnox Generation BNFL, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, GL139PB,UK

Presented at ICALEO 2000, 19th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics, Hyatt Regency, Dearbon, Michigan, USA, 2-5 October 2000.

 

Component

QUESTION 5.9

Find in the text a synonym for the noun “procedure(s)”

Local stress-based fatigue assessment approaches involve use of the stress range at the point of potential fatigue crack initiation under consideration in conjunction with a suitable S-N curve. (W 16)

Estimating long-endurance fatigue strength of girth-welded pipes using local stress approach

Yanhui Zhang and Steve J Maddox 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at Proceedings 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2014) June 8-13, 2014, San Francisco, USA.

 

Approaches

QUESTION 6

Which is the best translation of “data set” into Portuguese in the text below?

In the cases where the data set comprised multiple tests at the same temperature, only the minimum value is plotted. (W 439)

a) Sequencia de dados;

b) Conjunto de dados;;

c) Sequencia de datas;

 

Validation of idealised Charpy impact energy transition curve shape

H G Pisarski, B Hayes, J Olbricht, P Lichter and C S Wiesner 

Paper presented at Charpy Centenary Conference (CCC 2001), Poitiers, France, 2-5 Oct.2001

 

Conjunto de dados

QUESTION 6.1

Which is the best translation of the   expression   “the broadest range of materials” into Portuguese present in the text below?

For many years, TWI has been committed to provide services to the civil and military shipbuilding industry worldwide by offering novel solutions in joining technology for the broadest range of materials. (W 311)

a) A mais específica gama de materiais;

b) A mais importante relação de materiais;

c) A mais ampla gama de materiais;

Application of innovative welding methods to prefabricate aluminium panels

Stephan Kallee

Published in Speed at Sea, October 2004, p.23.

 

A mais ampla gama de materiais

QUESTION 6.2

Find in the text below a synonym for the verb “seem”

A corrosion front appears to have formed in the coating with an upper porous layer separated from the substrate by a relatively unaffected dense coating layer. (W 56)

Corrosion testing of HVOF coatings in high temperature environments for biomass applications.

S Paul,* M D F Harvey 

TWI, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Paper presented at ITSC 2012 International Thermal Spray Conference, Houston USA, 21-24 May 2012, and published in Journal of Thermal Spray Technology.

 

Appear

QUESTION 6.3

The best translation for the clause “meet the requirements”   in the text below is:

In BS7570:1992 a second higher grade of accuracy, grade 2 or precision grade was introduced to meet the requirements of mechanised welding. (W 463)

 

a) Encontrar as medidas;

b) Satisfazer as exigências;

c) Satisfazer os remanescentes;

Validation of arc welding equipment – revision of BS7570

Formatting Instructions:

Name and Name 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

(Include the names together and the company address below as shown above) Keep the layout the same as the paper.

Include the conference location along with the date, IF THERE IS MISSING INFORMATION E.G. DATE OR CONFERENCE INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT LINDA DUMPER.

Please include the numbering system for titles and sub titles:

e.g. 1. Introduction (H2 Font size); 1.2. Background (H3 font size)

Images: Use the Published Papers Standard Size and apply the zoom feature if the image needs enlarging to a larger size.

Tables: Create within Easysite. Unless you have the HTML editor available to strip inline table information.

Geoff Melton

Geoff Melton 

Originally published in Welding & Metal Fabrication, 2001, Vol. 69, No. 4, May, pp 10-12 by DMG World Media UK Ltd www.dmgworldmedia.com/

 

Satisfazer as exigências

 

QUESTION 6.4

The best translation of the sequence “laser welding of sintered steel parts” is: (W 141)

a) Soldagem a laser de peças sintéticas de aço;

b) Soldagem a laser de partes similares de aço;

c) Soldagem a laser de peças de aço sinterizadas;

Critical review of joining processes for powder metallurgy parts.

C. Selcuk, S. Bond and P. Woollin

Metallurgy, Corrosion & Surfacing Technology Group, TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK. T: +44 (0) 1223 899 000, F: +44 (0) 1223 894 717.

Paper presented at Euro PM 2008 Congress and Exhibition, Mannheim, Germany, 29 Sept – 1 Oct 2008.

 

Soldagem a laser de peças de aço sinterizadas

QUESTION 6.5

The best translation of the expression “wing manufacture” in the text below is:

The paper investigates the capability of using fibre-delivered laser technology to produce fully penetrating welds in a 12.7mm thickness aerospace aluminium alloy to be used for wing manufacture… (W 172)

a) Fabricação de asas;

b) Manipulação de asas;

c) Fabricação de superfícies;

Low-porosity laser welding of 12.7mm thickness aerospace aluminium

G Verhaeghe

Paper presented at INALCO 2007, October 24-26, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Fabricação de asas

QUESTION 6.6

Guess the verb forms of the nouns “control”, “concentration” and “development” present in the text below.

A dedicated system for environmental monitoring and control during fatigue testing in this project was built. The de-aerated test solution was continuously circulated between a reservoir (~22litre) and the test cell (~22litre) throughout test. A hot finger, incorporated in the re-circulating loop to deposit iron (II) ions from solution, allowed control of the concentration of iron in solution, which would affect development of corrosion product films on the test sample. (W 155)

Corrosion fatigue of steel catenary risers in sweet production

Richard Pargeter, David Baxter and Briony Holmes 

TWI

Paper presented OMAE 2008 27th international Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Estoril, Portugal, 15 – 20 June 2008. OMAE2008-57075.

 

Control;  Concentrate;  Develop

QUESTION 6.7

Guess the adjective corresponding to the noun “embrittlement” and the noun corresponding to the verb “enhance” present in the text below.

…If a crack exists in the material subjected to service loading, hydrogen will accumulate in the plastic zone at the crack tip due to locally enhanced solubility, thus enhancing the hydrogen embrittlement. (W 19)

Techniques for determining the effect of a sour environment on fracture toughness of steel

Muhammad Ali and Richard Pargeter 

TWI LTd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper Presented at Steely Hydrogen. 2nd International Conference on Metals and Hydrogen. 5-7 May 2014., Gent, Belgium.

 

Embrittle; Enhancement

QUESTION 6.8

Find in the text below synonyms for the words “proportion” and “description”

As both crack growth threshold and crack growth rates strongly depend on the effective stress ratio, which was higher at the weld start/stop positions, it is possible that residual stresses were part of the explanation for the fact that the weld start/stop positions were the preferred sites for fatigue crack initiation from the weld root. (W 38)

Measurement and modelling of residual stresses in offshore circumferential welds

Yan-Hui Zhang, Simon Smith, Liwu Wei and Carol Johnston 

TWI Ltd 

Cambridge, United Kingdom

Alexander Stacey 

Health & Safety Executive London, United Kingdom

Paper presented at Proceedings 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2013) June 9-14, 2013, Nantes, France.

 

Ratio; Explanation

QUESTION 6.9

The best translation for the sequence “linear hardening model” present in the text below is,

In this study, the variation of residual stresses in the pipe wall, as predicted from the linear kinematic hardening model, was in best agreement with those from the measurements. This may reflect on the fact that the linear hardening model was more representative of the mechanical behaviour in welding than other models considered in this work. (W 65)

a) Modelo de endurecimento linear;

b) Modelo de rigidez lateral;

c) Modelo facilitador linear;

The effects of loadings on welding residual stresses and assessment of fracture parameters in a welding residual stress field

Liwu Wei, Weijing He and Simon Smith 

TWI Ltd

Paper presented at the ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels & Piping Division Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, July 17-21, 2011, PVP2011-57518.

 

Modelo de endurecimento linear

QUESTION 7

Find in the text below the English word for  “Calcário”

For concrete with a limestone aggregate, a 5kW laser will remove 1m2 of surface to a minimum depth of 10mm in under two hours. (W 83)

Fibre lasers for surface removal of contaminated concrete in the nuclear sector

Paul Hilton 

Paper presented at 2010 ICALEO Proceedings Anaheim, CA, USA, 26 – 30 Sept. 2010, Paper 1305.

 

Limestone

QUESTION 7.1

What is the best translation of the conjunction “Whereas” present in the text below?

In fact, the top laminate experiences a maximum temperature rise of only 25 degrees after 60 seconds heating, whereas the maximum temperature rise of the bottom laminate in the same period is approximately 170 degrees. These results clearly demonstrate that induction heating had been disabled in the top laminate and heating had been focused at the interface between the two laminates. (W 20)

 

a) Sempre que;

b) Ao passo que;

c) Onde quer que;

Novel Induction Heating Technique for Joining of Carbon Fibre Composites

Chris Worrall and Roger Wise 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at SEICO 14: 35th International Technical Conference & Forum “Low Cost Composite Processing, from Aerospace OOA to Automotive Thermoplastic”, 2014.

 

Ao passo que

QUESTION 7.2

Read the text below and find an opposite for the adjective “worthless”

It is only recently that valuable long-term data are starting to be incorporated into design codes to help prevent premature failures. Initiatives such as the European Creep Collaborative Committee (ECCC) and the state-funded analysis of data carried out at the National Institute of Material Science (NIMS) in Japan have been set up to collect data for design purposes. (W 22)

Review of type IV cracking of weldments in 9– 12%Cr creep strength enhanced ferritic steels.

D. J. Abson and J. S. Rothwell* 

TWI Ltd

International Materials Reviews, November 2013, 58(8), 437-473.

 

Valuable

QUESTION 7.3

The best translation into Portuguese of the extract below present in the text is,

…Certain geometric features of the component design dictated the positioning of the probes to specific zones in order to achieve the inspection goals. (W 25)

“….they dictated the positioning of the probes to specific zones in order to achieve the inspection goals.”

a) Eles determinaram o posicionamento das sondas a zonas específicas sem atingirem os objetivos de inspeção.;

b) Eles determinaram o posicionamento das sondas a zonas específicas independentemente de atingirem os objetivos de inspeção;

c) Eles determinaram o posicionamento das sondas a zonas específicas a fim de atingirem os objetivos de inspeção;

Monitoring fatigue crack growth in subsea threaded components using ultrasonic phased array techniques

Channa Nageswaran, Alan Day and Kim Hayward (TWI Ltd)

TWI Member Publication. September 2013.

 

Eles determinaram o posicionamento das sondas a zonas específicas a fim de atingirem os objetivos de inspeção;

QUESTION 7.4

Find in the text below synonyms for the words “unaccomplished” and “in addition”

Figure 15, shows that the ultrasonic inspection method can clearly identify welds where the weld root has incomplete forging to a depth greater than 0.5mm. Furthermore, where weld roots are fully forged, they can be clearly identified. (W 340).

Ultrasonic phased array inspection technology for the evaluation of friction stir welds

C R Bird 

TWI, Cambridge CB1 6AL, UK 

Paper published in Insight, vol.46, issue 1, January 2004.

 

Incomplete; Furthermore

QUESTION 7.5

Replace the word “however” in the text with one of the words listed below.

There is no European or International Standard for welding inspectors at present. However, there is an International/European qualification scheme. (W 82)

a) Thus;

b) Nevertheless;

c) Therefore;

The special importance of personnel competence in welding fabrication

Importance particuliere de la competence des personnels dans la fabrication soudee

Eur Ing T. J. Jessop and Eur Ing C. J. Eady

TWI Ltd

Paper presented at European Symposium on Pressure Equipment, ESOPE 2010. Paris, 28 – 30 Sept. 2010.

 

Nevertheless

QUESTION 7.6

The best translation of the sequence “…all welds were made at a heat input of about 1.1 kj/mm.”  is: (W 447)

a) Todas as soldaduras foram feitas a uma temperatura aproximada de 1.1 kj/mm.

b) Todas as soldas foram feitas com uma entrada de mais ou menos 1.1kj/mm.

c) Todas as soldaduras foram executadas dentro da norma aproximada de 1.1kj/mm.

Evaluation of necessary delay before inspection for hydrogen cracks

Richard Pargeter

The author was awarded the James F Lincoln Gold Medal for this paper by the AWS in 2004.

Paper presented at 82 nd Annual AWS Convention, Cleveland, Ohio, 6 – 10 May 2001 and published in Welding Research Supplement of Welding Journal, vol.82, no.11, Nov.2003, pp.321s-329s.

(N.B. The AWS published version contains an error in Table 5, where the > and < signs are not shown. This version contains the corrected table.)

 

Todas as soldaduras foram feitas a uma temperatura aproximada de 1.1 kj/mm.

QUESTION 7.7

Read the text below and guess the infinitive forms of “reducing”, “forging” and “lowering”

…Reducing the carbon content of the forging will be of benefit by reducing the peak carbon content in the PMZ (by lowering the activity gradient. (W 130)

Subsea dissimilar joints: failure mechanisms and opportunities for mitigation

V C M Beaugrand, L S Smith and M F Gittos 

TWI Ltd

Granta Park

Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at Corrosion 2009, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 22-26 March 2009. Paper #09305.

To reduce;

To forge;

To lower;

QUESTION 7.8

Which is the correct active voice corresponding to the passive voice present in the text below?

Recently, work has been carried out to investigate the use of hybrid laser/arc processing for improving the performance of laser welding applications. (W 370)

  • Recently, work has been carried out to investigate the use of hybrid laser/arc processing…

a) Recently, researchers has carried out work to investigate the use of hybrid laser/arc processing….

b) Recently, researchers have carried out work to investigate the use of hybrid laser/arc processing….;

c) Recently, researchers had carried out work to investigate the use of hybrid laser/arc processing….

Hybrid laser/GMA welding of new land pipelines

R J Scudamore (1), G S Booth (1), D S Howse (1), R D Howard (2)

(1) TWI Ltd., Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AL, UK 

(2) BP Exploration Operating Company Ltd, Upstream Technology Group, Bldg 200 – 2.52, Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, TW16 7LN, UK

Paper presented at NOLAMP 2003 Conference, Trondheim, Norway, 4-6 August 2003.

 

Recently, researchers have carried out work to investigate the use of hybrid laser/arc processing….;

QUESTION 7.9

Guess the infinitive, the past and the participle forms of the verb “show” present in the text below.

Figure 7 shows the appearance of a weld made on a sample where the joint gap varied from 0.2mm at the start of the weld to 1.2mm at the end of the weld, at a constant travel speed of 0.85m/min. (W 329)

Hybrid Nd:YAG laser-mag welding of thick section steel with adaptive control

Steve G Shi, Paul Hilton, Steve Mulligan and Geert Verhaeghe 

TWI Ltd

Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics 2004.

 

To show; showed; shown

QUESTION 8

What is the best translation of “a wide range of metals” into Portuguese in the text below?

Laser cutting is a very well established manufacturing process which accounts for the largest use of high power lasers. The majority of work performed involves cutting material up to about 20mm thick, with exceptional quality of the resulting edge, on a wide range of metals and other materials. (W 90)

a) Uma linha exclusiva de metais;

b) Uma extensa gama de metais;

c) Uma pequena linha de metais;

The laser alternative….to nuclear decommissioning

….tube cutting and concrete scabbling using the latest technology

Paul Hilton, Ali Khan and Colin Walters

Paper published in Nuclear Engineering International, vol. 55. no. 672. July 2010.

 

Uma extensa gama de metais

QUESTION 8.1

Find in the text below synonyms of the noun “process(es)”

The many variants of electron gun required, and the increasing demands for highly optimised beam qualities, demands more systematic optimisation methods than offered by trial and error design approaches. (W 5)

Development of an Evolutionary Algorithm for Design of Electron Guns for Material Processing

Colin Ribton 

Electron Beam Section, TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge, UK

Wamadeva Balachandran 

College of Engineering Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, UK

Paper presented at ECTA 2015 – 7th International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Theory and Applications. 12-14 November 2015, Lisbon, Portugal.

 

 

Methods

Approaches

QUESTION 8.2

Find in the text below the opposite of the noun “absence”

Melt runs produced in a helium environment at elevated pressure in the presence of contaminants. (W 346)

An exploratory investigation of Nd:YAG laser welding in high pressure gaseous environments

Paul Hilton, Martin Ogle, David Taylor*, TWI Ltd. * now at JCB;

Paul Lurie and Roger D Howard, BP Exploration Operating Company Ltd

Paper presented at ICALEO 2003 Conference, 13-16 October 2003, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

 

Presence

QUESTION 8.3

Find in the text below a synonym for the noun “angles” and a synonym for the adjective “strict”

As far as acceptance criteria for liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examination for imperfections on weld bevels are concerned, RCC-M is more stringent. (W 45)

Comparison between ASME and RCC-M requirements for welding and NDT

Marcello Consonni and Peter Mudge 

TWI Ltd.

Cambridge, UK

Paper presented at 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. 30 Jul – 3 Aug 2012, Anaheim, CA, USA. Paper No. ICONE20POWER2012-54190.

 

Bevel

Stringent

QUESTION 8.4

Read the text below and choose a conjunction to replace the word “whilst” in the sequence below.

The two parts to be joined are brought into contact under an applied load. One part is constrained whilst the other undergoes a rapid linear reciprocating motion in the plane of the joint. The heat generated by the friction at the two surfaces creates local melting. (W 383)

“One part is constrained whilst the other undergoes a rapid linear reciprocating motion in the plane of the joint.”

a) Depite;

b) Whether;

c) While;

Welding technologies for polymers and composites

A L Buxton 

Polymer Technology Group, TWI Ltd

Paper presented at the I Mech E seminar, ‘The Joining of Plastics and Polymer Composite Materials’, held on 24 October 2002 at TWI and published in The Joining of Plastics and Polymer Composite Materials.

 

While

QUESTION 8.5

What is the function of the modal verb “can” present in the text below?

…Polymer materials can now be laser welded using near infrared absorbing media as a mechanism to produce heat and localised melting. (W 440/474)

a) Permission;

b) Deduction;

c) Possibility

Plastics welding and adhesive bonding – innovative applications

By Ewen J C Kellar and Ian A Jones

TWI, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AL

Based on an article originally published in Welding and Metal Fabrication, 2000, Vol. 68, No. 10,

November/December, pp 13-15 by DMG World Media

http://www.dmgworldmedia.com/

Dr Ewen J C Kellar

New advances in plastics joining for high speed production

Gareth McGrath, I A Jones, P A Hilton, E J C Kellar and A Taylor 

Polymer Technology Group, TWI Ltd 

R Sallavanti 

Gentex

Paper presented at 2001 Automotive Transportation Technology Conference, Barcelona, 30 Sept – 3 Oct 2001.

 

Possibility

QUESTION 8.6

Choose the correct past forms of the modals “can” and “may” present in the text below.

Textured surfaces can work via two routes; first, it may be possible to delay or inhibit the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in the boundary layer. Second, the nature of the boundary layer turbulence can be controlled, by promoting vorticity that can lower overall drag. (W 205)

a) Could – mayed;

b) Canned – mayd;

c) Could – Might;

An introduction to Surfi-Sculpt® technology – new opportunities, new challenges

Bruce G I Dance, MA, Dr Anita L Buxton, TWI Ltd, Cambridge, UK

Paper presented at 7th International Conference on Beam Technology, Halle, Germany, 17-19 April 2007.

 

Could – Might

QUESTION 8.7

The best translation of “frequency ranges” into Portuguese in the text below is:

Apparently a pair of modal peaks detected on sensor 2 at approximately 90 Hz on the modified tank have slightly shifted frequency and widened (the second of these peaks is interrupted at the break between the two frequency ranges). (W 273)

 

a) Cálculos de frequência;

b) Frequências moduladas;

c) Gamas de frequência;

The feasibility of using piezoelectric transducers to generate and detect microscopic structural vibrations for monitoring storage tanks

Stephen M Williams 

TWI Limited

Paper published in Condition Monitoring 2005, 18-21 July 2005, Cambridge, UK.

 

Gamas de frequência

QUESTION 8.8

Which pronoun can replace the relative “that” present in the extract below?

A hybrid hull that consists of both metal and composite structural members potentially enables desirable enhancements of structural efficiency, but robust joining between those heterogeneous structures must be employed. (W 123)

“A hybrid hull that consists of……

a) Whom;

b) Which;

c) Whose;

Advanced hybrid joining technology

Vladimir M. Shkolnikov, Gabriel J. Hostetter, David K. McNamara, Joseph R. Pickens, Stanley P. Turcheck, Jr. 

Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC)

Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15904, U.S.A.

Bruce G. I. Dance 

Paper presented at ASME 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, OMAE 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii, 31 May – 5 June 2009. Paper #79769.

 

Which

QUESTION 8.9

Find in the text below the English word corresponding to “Caldeira(s)”.

Pressure equipment, initially in the form of simple boilers, has been used since the early days of the industrial revolution. As reported by Woods and Baguley…..the design and construction of boilers was left to the individual designer or manufacturer; failures and fatalities were common, peaking at the rate of around one per day… (W 112)

BS 7910: History and future developments

Isabel Hadley

Paper presented at 2009 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Sustainable Energy for the Third Millennium, Prague, Czech Republic, 26-30 July 2009.

 

Boilers

QUESTION 9

Find in the text below the English word for  “calor”

Laser welding can make very precise joints in plastics products, both in terms of joint location and amount of heating applied. (W 8)

Preparation and Sealing of Polymer Microchannels Using Electron Beam Lithography to Pattern Absorber for Laser Welding

Ian Jones1,* and Jonathan Griffiths2 

1TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridgeshire, CB23 6AL, UK 

2Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK

Paper published in Mater.Trans. Vol. 56 No.  7, July 2015.

Heating

QUESTION 9.1

Read the text and answer the questions below.

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an entirely new solid state joining process that was invented by TWI in the early 1990s. It has generated tremendous interest in industry, partly because of the relative ease with which high integrity welds can be made rapidly from one side without the need for joint preparation, filler metal or protection from the atmosphere, but also because the mechanical properties, including fatigue strength, can be exceptionally high compared with other types of weld. (W 356)

In the text, the writer used the article “AN” with the word “entirely”. In which phrases below can it also be applied?

a) One dollar bill;

b) American college;

c) university in Japan;

Friction stir welded joints

Steve Maddox

From a special issue of International Journal of Fatigue, 2003. Published by Elsevier Ltd:www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01421123.

 

American college

QUESTION 9.2

Read the text below and guess the infinitive and the participle forms of the English verb (past) “fed”.

For laser welding with filler wire, the wire was delivered into the weld pool at an angle of 45° to the surface of the work piece, leading the laser beam. The wire was fed into the front of the weld pool, 2mm ahead of the laser beam. W (259)

Laser and hybrid laser MAG welding of thick section C-MN steel

Steve Shi

Paper presented at 2005 International Forum on Welding Technologies in Energy Engineering, 21-23 September 2005, Shanghai, China.

 

To feed

Fed

QUESTION 9.3

Read the text and choose the best translation of the sequence below.

This paper considers existing corrosion fatigue data of relevance to welded stainless steel risers and presents results of crack growth rate testing of welded supermartensitic and super-duplex stainless steel in seawater with cathodic protection….. (W 253)

 

“….stainless steel risers….”

a) Elevadores soldados em aço inox;

b) Tubos verticais de escape em aço inox;

c) Tubos em aço inox horizontais;

Corrosion fatigue of welded stainless steels for deepwater riser applications

P Woollin, S J Maddox and D J Baxter

Proceedings of OMAE 2005: 24th International Conference on Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2005) Halkidiki Greece, 12-16 June 2005.

 

Tubos verticais de escape em aço inox

QUESTION 9.4

Read the text below and choose the best translation for the phrase “inspection tool”.

TWI has recently been involved in the inspection of a critical chain link on an FPSO, developing a specific inspection tool for implementation by divers. This tool was able to detect critical fatigue cracking which had developed during service. (Welding 24)

a) Cronograma de inspeção;

b) Período de inspeção;

c) Ferramenta de inspeção;

www.twi-global.com/…/robot-deployed-ultrasonic-inspection-system-for-offshore-mooring-chains-606/ – 2015-11-24.

Ferramenta de inspeção

QUESTION 9.5

Guess the verb form of the noun “increase” present in the text below. Then choose the best translation of the sequence “….there is a significant increase in constraint” into Portuguese present in the text.

…if the flaw position is moved from the weld centre line to the fusion boundary on the external surface (weld cap region), there is a significant increase in constraint. (W 392)

a) Há um aumento significativo da restrição;

b) Há um aumento significativo da refação;;

c) Há uma diminuição significativa da contração;

Fracture toughness estimation for pipeline girth welds

Henryk G Pisarski, TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AL, UK 

Colin M Wignall, TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AL, UK

Proceedings of IPC 2002 International Pipeline Conference 

September 29 – October 3 2002, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 

IPC 02-27094.

Increase

Há um aumento significativo da restrição

QUESTION 9.6

Guess the  comparative of superiority form of the superlative form “highest” present in the text below.

…It can be recognised that the highest concentration of particles in the vapour plume is at the tip of the keyhole. (W 386)

Plume attenuation under high power Nd:YAG laser weldingJ.

J. Greses (1,2), P.A. Hilton (2), C.Y. Barlow (1) and W.M. Steen (3)

(1)Engineering Department, University of Cambridge (2)TWI (3)Material Science Department, University of Cambridge, UK and Laser Group, University of Liverpool

Paper presented at ICALEO 2002, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, 14 – 17 October 2002.

 

higher

QUESTION 9.7

Read the text and choose the best translation of “cleavage fracture” into Portuguese.

In the hydrogen-rich material, the profile of the fracture face consists of flat facets, and the crack was trans-granular through both ferrite and austenite, which is consistent with a cleavage fracture mode. (W 80)

a) Fratura cravada;

b) Fratura fracionada;

c) Fratura clivada;

Effect of hydrogen and strain rate on superduplex stainless steel weld metal fracture toughness and fracture morphology

A. Bourgeon1, M. Ali1 and P. Woollin1 

1TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, UK

Paper presented at Duplex Stainless Steel International Conference. Beaune, France, 13-15 October 2010.

 

Fratura clivada

QUESTION 9.8

Guess the correct infinitive and past forms of the participle “chosen” present in the text below.

The last six results show the effect of surface preparation on four of the chosen steels.  (W 385)

a) To choose – chose;

b) To chose – chosed;

c) To chose – choseed;

The Effects of Steel Composition on the Laser Cut Edge Quality of Carbon and C-Mn Steels

A Lugan, P A Hilton and D W Taylor

Paper presented at ICALEO 2002, 14 – 17 October 2002, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.

 

To choose – chose

QUESTION 9.9

Read the text below and choose the best translation of the sequence “pure shear joint”.

There is little published work on practices to be used with the adhesive bonding of iron casting. However, French work [12] was concerned with the effects of the surface roughness and the elastic modulus of the adhesive on the strength and the micro-crack propagation in a pure shear joint. (W 505)

a) Junta de contração;

b) Junta de cisalhamento;

c) Junta de expansão;

Gareth McGrath 

This paper forms the basis of an article entitled ‘Adhesive metal bonding no longer stuck with past prejudices’, which appeared in Welding & Metal Fabrication, 1999, Vol. 67, No. 9, October, pp20, 22-23 Welding & Metal Fabrication is published by dmg Business Media Ltd , Redhill, Surrey, UK.

 

Junta de cisalhamento

QUESTION 9A

Find in the text a synonym for the word “compound.” Then answer the question below in Portuguese.

…Large components with complex geometries are becoming very common in modern structures, and the aerospace industry is a typical field, where wide complex shaped parts are very frequently used. Moreover the use of composite materials, which are notoriously challenging to inspect [3], is becoming widespread in the construction of new generations of civilian aircraft. (W 13)

  • According to the text, what is becoming widespread in the construction of aircraft at the moment?

a) O uso de materiais compensados;

b) O uso de materiais concentrados;

c) O uso de materiais convencionais;

Robotic Path Planning for Non-Destructive Testing of Complex Shaped Surfaces

Carmelo Mineo and Stephen Gareth Pierce 

University of Strathclyde, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, George Street, Glasgow, G1 1XW, UK

Ben Wright, Pascual Ian Nicholson and Ian Cooper 

TWI Technology Centre (Wales), Harbourside Business Park, Port Talbot, SA13 1SB, UK

Paper presented at QNDE Conference (July 20-25, 2014, Boise, Idaho, USA)

 

Composite

O uso de materiais compensados

QUESTION 9A1

Read the sequence below and answer the question.

There are two main methods to determine collapse (limit) loads of a flawed structure from FEA. The first, referred to as the “spreading plastic zone” approach in this paper, is in line with traditional continuum mechanics theory and assumes an elastic- (or rigid-) perfectly plastic material behaviour. (W 9)

What does FEA stand for?

a) Finite external analysis;

b) Finite element analysis;

c) Free element analysis;

Analysis of limit load for embedded flaws in pipeline girth welds. Part II: Development and validation of new fea models

Tyler London and Isabel Hadley* 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Presented at ESIA13, 13th International Conference on Engineering Structural Integrity Assessment, 19 and 20 May 2015, Manchester, UK.

 

Finite element analysis

QUESTION 9A2

Read the text and choose the best translation of the extract below.

The risks of internal examination include both that to the vessel (e.g. from depressurization, steam cleaning, grit blasting, or internal scaffolding), and those to the inspectors themselves (such as from working in confined spaces or at height, or from residue fumes). (W 111)

“The risks of internal examination include both that to the vessel and those to the inspectors themselves…..”

a) Os riscos de inspeção interna envolvem tanto aqueles relacionados ao duto quanto aqueles relacionados aos próprios inspetores;

b) Os riscos de inspeção envolvem mais aqueles relacionados à embarcação que aqueles relacionados aos próprios inspetores;

c) Os riscos de inspeção envolvem menos aqueles relacionados à embarcação que aqueles relacionados aos próprios inspetores;

Extending the internal examination intervals for pressure vessels using an RBI approach

Philippa Moore and John Wintle 

Paper presented at 2009 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Sustainable Energy for the Third Millennium, Prague, Czech Republic, 26-30 July 2009.

 

Os riscos de inspeção interna envolvem tanto aqueles relacionados ao duto quanto aqueles relacionados aos próprios inspetores

QUESTION 9A3

Read the text and find a synonym for the word “dents”. Then choose the best translation of the extract below.

The sensitivity for the technique was also set using EDM notches of different depths into the component away from the threading in order to ensure that the tip of the cracks as they propagate towards the outside surface of the component could be detected. (W 25)

“in order to ensure that the tip of the cracks could be detected”

a) A fim de entender como as partículas são deterioradas;

b) A fim de assegurar que a ponta das fissuras possa ser detectada;

c) A fim de entender como a base das fendas pode ser analisada;

Monitoring fatigue crack growth in subsea threaded components using ultrasonic phased array techniques

Channa Nageswaran, Alan Day and Kim Hayward (TWI Ltd)

TWI Member Publication. September 2013.

 

Notches

A fim de assegurar que a ponta das fissuras possa ser detectada.

QUESTION 9A4

Read the text and choose the best translation of the expression below.

In ISO 13953, the tests are carried out at room temperature and at a constant speed of 5±1mm/min. The failure mode (ductile or brittle) and tensile strength are used as criteria for the evaluation of the joint. (W 3)

“Tensile strength”

a) Força motriz;

b) Extensão da tensão;

c) Resistência à tração;

Short-term And Long-term Mechanical Testing To Evaluate The Effect Of Flaws In Butt Fusion Joints In Polyethylene Pipes

Mike Troughton and Amir Khamsehnezhad 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Division Conference, PVP2016, July 17-21, 2016, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

 

Resistência à tração

QUESTION 9A5

In the extract below we see the preposition “in” used with the noun “variation”. Now choose the right preposition for the noun “combination” present in the second sequence.

 

  • With some variation in electrode diameter being explored. (W 51).

 

  • A combination ____ SMAW electrodes with diameters 3.2mm (1/8in, first layer) and 4.0mm (5/32in, second layer) produced some refinement, but only limited tempering occurred in the HAZ. (W 51)

 

a) At;

b) About;

c) Of;

Investigation of Weld Repair Without Post-Weld Heat Treatment for P91M

Consonni, D J Abson, TWI Ltd

Presented at 10th International EPRI Conference on Welding and  26-29 June 2012.

Of

QUESTION 9A6

Read the text and choose the best translation of the extract below.

….the most important characteristic of a PM part for welding has been porosity, created either deliberately to make a porous part or incidentally due to insufficient densification. (W 141)

“…due to insufficient densification”

a) Causadora de insuficiente densificação;

b) Devido à insuficiente densificação;

c) Aumentada por insuficiente densificação;

Critical review of joining processes for powder metallurgy parts

C. Selcuk, S. Bond and P. Woollin

Metallurgy, Corrosion & Surfacing Technology Group, TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK. T: +44 (0) 1223 899 000, F: +44 (0) 1223 894 717.

Paper presented at Euro PM 2008 Congress and Exhibition, Mannheim, Germany, 29 Sept – 1 Oct 2008.

 

Devido à insuficiente densificação

QUESTION 9A7

Read the text and choose the correct plural form of the noun “analysis”. Then choose the preposition that best replaces the word “regarding”

The guidelines of the Norwegian Recommended Practice DNV-RP-F108 were developed to give guidance regarding the testing and analysis for the fracture control of pipeline girth welds subjected to cyclic plastic deformation. (W 95)

a) Analysis

b) Analyseses

c) Analyses

 

  • “….regarding the testing and analysis for the fracture control……

a) Concerning;

b) Within;

c) Against;

 

Intensive validation of computer prediction of welding residual stresses in a multi-pass butt weld

Weijing He, Liwu Wei and Simon Smith 

TWI Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Paper presented at 29th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2010), Shanghai, China, 6-11 June 2010.

 

Analyses

Concerning

QUESTION 9A8

What is the correct order of the words below?

www.twi-global.com

 

 

o  f  h  o  s  r  e  f

 

 

p  m  t  n  e  i  e  r  x   e

 

 

p  l  e  i  p  e  i  n

 

 

t  n  d  a  d  r  a  s

 

 

Offshore

Experiment

Pipeline

Standard

QUESTION 9A9

Match a word from A with a word from B to make expressions.

www.twi-global.com

 

A) thermal; contact;  internal;  railway;  organic;  valuable;  water;  welding

 

B) track; surface;  zone;  stability;  contamination;  residual;  resource;  cooler

 

Thermal stability

Contact zone

Internal surface

Railway track

Organic contamination

Valuable resource

Water cooler

Welding residual

QUESTION 9B

Choose the correct corresponding full form of “BOP” below.

https://en.wikipedia.org

a) Blowup preventer;

b) Blowouted preventer;

c) Blowout preventer;

 

Blowout preventer

QUESTION 9B1

Choose the correct definition of “Cavitation” below.

http://dictionary.cambridge.org.

 

a) The forming of gas bubbles in a liquid caused by changes in pressure;

b) The forming of liquid bubbles in a gas caused by changes in water;

c) The forming of gas liquid caused by absence of pressure;

 

The Influence of Ti, Al and Nb on the toughness and creep rupture strength of grade 92 steel weld metal

D J Abson, J S Rothwell and P Woollin 

Paper presented at Conference on the Integrity of High Temperature Welds, IOM3, London, 24-26 April 2007.

Acoustic emission monitoring of crack growth in dissimilar joints for corrosion resistant applications

Chiraz Ennaceur and Viviane Beaugrand

Paper presented at EWGAE 2008. 28th European Conference on Acoustic Emission Testing. Krakow, Poland, 17-19 Sept. 2008.

 

The forming of gas bubbles in a liquid caused by changes in pressure

QUESTION 9B2

Now choose the correct definition of “Stepwise regression” (W 342)

https://en.wikipedia.org

a) Stepwise regression is a method of fitting regression models in which the choice of various problems is carried out by an unknown procedure;

b) Stepwise regression is a method of fitting regression models in which the choice of predictive variables is carried out by an automatic procedure;

c) Stepwise regression is a method of fitting regression models in which the choice of controversial systems is carried out by an automatic procedure;

The effect of composition on microstructural development and toughness of weld metals for advanced high temperature 9-13%Cr steels

Adrienne Barnes and David Abson

Paper published at the 2nd International Conference on Integrity of High Temperature Welds, 10 – 12 November 2003, Institute of Materials, London

 

Stepwise regression is a method of fitting regression models in which the choice of predictive variables is carried out by an automatic procedure.

QUESTION 9B3

Choose the correct definition of   “J-integral” (W 105)

https://en.wikipedia.org

a) The J-integral represents a way to calculate the static energy release rate strain, or pressure (energy) per unit fracture surface area, in a material.

b) The J- integral represents a way to calculate the small energy release rate, or work (energy) per unit fragile surface area, in a material.

c) The J-integral represents a way to calculate the strain energy release rate, or work (energy) per unit fracture surface area, in a material.

Approaches for Determining Limit Load and Reference Stress for Circumferential Embedded Flaws in Pipe Girth Welds

Mohamad J Cheaitani 

TWI Ltd Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK

Pipeline Technology Conference, Ostend, Belgium 2009.

 

The J-integral represents a way to calculate the strain energy release rate, or work (energy) per unit fracture surface area, in a material.

QUESTION 9B4

Choose the correct definition of “Decibel (dB)

https://en.wikipedia.org

a) The decibel (dB) is a weight unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity;

b) The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of two values of a biological quantity;

c) The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity;

The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity;

 

QUESTION 9B5

Choose the best translation of “Etched surface” into Portuguese. (W 57)

a) Superfície lisa;

b) Superfície desbastada;

c) Superfície gravada;

Corrosion Testing of Weldable 13%Cr Supermartensitic Stainless Steel for Weld Procedure

Chi-Ming Lee and Stuart Bond 

TWI Ltd 

Per Egil Kvaale 

Technip Norge AS 

Rolf E. Lye and Stig Lyder Støme 

Lundin Norway AS 

Presented at CORROSION 2012 Conference, NACE International, March 11-15, 2012, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

English Oxford  Living Dictionaries

 

Superfície gravada

QUESTION 9B6

Choose the best translation of “variable amplitude loading” into Portuguese.

Online library.wiley.com/doi

a) Carga de amplitude variável;

b) Carga de amplidão variável;

c) Carga de de ampliação variável;

Carga de amplitude variável

QUESTION 9B7

The best definition of “Reeling procedure” is: (W 187)

a) Reeling is offshore pipeline installation method which delivers slow and cost effective pipeline laying;

b) Reeling is offshore pipeline installation method which delivers fast and expensive pipeline laying;

c) Reeling is offshore pipeline installation method which delivers fast and cost effective pipeline laying;

 

Development of girth weld flaw assessment procedures for pipelines subjected to plastic straining

Henryk G Pisarski and Mohamad J Cheaitani

Paper presented at ISOPE 2007, Seventeenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Lisbon, 1-7 July 2007.

http://www.drillingformulas.com

 

Reeling is offshore pipeline installation method which delivers fast and cost effective pipeline laying

QUESTION 9B8

Choose the best definition of “Fracture mechanics in Portuguese. (W 121)

a) É o campo da mecânica que se ocupa do estudo da propagação de fissuras nos materiais;

b) É o campo da química que se ocupa do estudo da propagação de fissuras nos materiais;

c) É o campo da mecânica que se ocupa do estudo da propagação de tensões nos materiais;

 

Prediction of creep crack growth properties of P91 parent and welded steel using remaining failure strain criteria

Shervin Maleki, Yanhui Zhang 

TWI Ltd

Granta Park, Great Abington

Cambridge CB21 6AL

UK

Kamran Nikbin 

Imperial College London

South Kensington Campus

London SW7 2AZ

UK.

Paper presented at WELDS 2009: Design, testing, assessement and safety of high-temperature welded structures. Fort Myers, FL. USA. 24-26 June 2009.

https://en.wikipedia.org.

 

É o campo da mecânica que se ocupa do estudo da propagação de fissuras nos materiais

QUESTION 9B9

Choose the best translation of “Hydrogen charged material” in Portuguese. (W 253)

a) Material carregado com hidrogênio;

b) Material com excesso de hidrogênio;

c) Material com insuficiência de hidrogênio;

 

Corrosion fatigue of welded stainless steels for deepwater riser applications

P Woollin, S J Maddox and D J Baxter

Proceedings of OMAE 2005: 24th International Conference on Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2005) Halkidiki Greece, 12-16 June 2005.

 

Material carregado com hidrogênio

QUESTION 9C

Match an English word on the left with the corresponding Portuguese expression on the right.

www.twi-global.com

 

a) Hoop   (   )   Relativo ao eixo

b) Axial    (   )   Relativo ao aro

c) Radial  (   )  Relativo ao raio

Hoop = relativo ao aro

Axial = relativo ao eixo

Radial = relativo ao raio

QUESTION 9C1

Choose the correct definition of “PCA”

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

a) Partly component analysis;

b) Principal component analysis;

c) Principal composite analysis;

 

Principal component analysis

QUESTION 9C2

Choose the best definition of “Electrostatic Coating”

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

a) Electrostatic coating is a manufacturing process that employs atom particles to more efficiently paint a work-piece;

b) Electrostatic coating is a manufacturing process that employs charged particles to more efficiently build a work-piece;

c) Electrostatic coating is a manufacturing process that employs charged particles to more efficiently paint a work-piece;

 

Electrostatic coating is a manufacturing process that employs charged particles to more efficiently paint a work-piece.

QUESTION 9C3

The best translation of “Sensing technology” into Portuguese is: (W 424)

 

a) Tecnologia de detecção;

b) Tecnologia de sensibilidade;

c) Tecnologia de sonoridade;

 

European-sponsored NDT Research at TWI Ltd

A Khalid

Paper published in Insight, vol.44, no.3, March 2002. pp.166 – 178.

http://www.linguee.com.br/

 

Tecnologia de detecção

QUESTION 9C4

Choose the best definition of “Weld bead” (W 553)

a) It is a deposit of trash from a single welding pass;

b) It is a deposit of filler metal from a single welding pass;

c) It is a deposit of stainless steel from a single welding pass;

 

Resistance seam and laser welding of large hybrid metal packages

N R Stockham and C J Dawes

Paper presented at ISHM International Microelectronics Symposium, Philadelphia, PA, 31 Oct.-2 Nov.1983 and published in International Journal for Hybrid Microelectronics, vol.6, no.1. Oct.1983. pp.509-519

The free dictionary by Farlex

 

It is a deposit of filler metal from a single welding pass.

QUESTION 9C5

The definition of “Strain gauge” in Portuguese is: (W 522)

a) Extensômetro- é um transdutor capaz de medir deformações mecânicas em corpos de prova;

b) Extensômetro – é um transdutor capaz de medir evoluções físicas em corpos de prova;

c) Extensômetro – é um transdutor capaz de medir alterações químicas em corpos de prova;

 

Loading Rate Effects on Tensile Properties and Fracture Toughness of Steel

Dr C S Wiesner, TWI, Cambridge, UK and Mr H MacGillivray [1], Imperial College, London, UK

Presented at 1999 TAGSI Seminar – ‘Fracture, Plastic Flow and Structural Integrity’ (dedicated to Sir Alan Cottrell in the year of his Eightieth Birthday), Held at TWI, Cambridge, UK, 29 April 1999.

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

Extensômetro- é um transdutor capaz de medir deformações mecânicas em corpos de prova.

QUESTION 9C6

The best translation of “Cross weld” into Portuguese is: (W 545)

a) Soldagem diagonal;

b) Soldagem cruzada;

c) Soldagem em X;

 

The potential for solid state welding of titanium pipe in offshore industries

Philip L Threadgill

Paper presented at Symposium on the Right Use of Titanium, Stavanger, Norway, 4 – 5 November 1997

www.google.com

 

Soldagem cruzada.

QUESTION 9C7

What is a mid-bead used to? (W 142)

a) Check for a consistent welding;

b) Check for a consistent gun powder;

c) Check for a consistent gun mount;

 

Acoustic emission monitoring of crack growth in dissimilar joints for corrosion resistant applications

Chiraz Ennaceur and Viviane Beaugrand

Paper presented at EWGAE 2008. 28th European Conference on Acoustic Emission Testing. Krakow, Poland, 17-19 Sept. 2008.

http://www.trapshooters.com

 

Check for a consistent gun mount.

QUESTION 9C8

Choose the correct definition of ASME?

a) ASME is the leading international developer of codes and standards associated with the art, science, and practice of mechanical engineering;

b) ASME is the leading international customer of codes and standards associated with the art, science, and practice of mechanical engineering;

c) ASME is the leading international developer of codes and standards associated with the art, science, and practice of genetics;

https://www.asme.org

 

ASME is the leading international developer of codes and standards associated with the art, science, and practice of mechanical engineering.

QUESTION 9C9

What does KJ stand for? (W 324)

a) Kilogram;

b) Kilojoule;

c) Kilojet;

 

ADIMEW Test: Assessment of a cracked dissimilar metal weld assembly

John B Wintle, Bridget Hayes and Martin R Goldthorpe 

Paper presented at PVP 2004 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 25-29 July 2004, San Diego, CA., USA.

 

Kilojoule.

QUESTION 9D

What does PMZ stand for? (W 245)

a) Partially mixed zone;

b) Part melting zone;

c) Partially mould zone;

 

Use of sermartensitic stainless steel pipe for offshore flowline applications

P Woollin and A Kostrivas 

Proceedings of OMAE 2006 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering

June 4-9, 2006, Hamburg, Germany. Paper OMAE2006-92351.

 

Partially mixed zone.

QUESTION 9D1

Choose the best definition of “Blind experiment”

a) A blind — or blinded — experiment is an experiment in which information about the test is masked (kept) from the participant, to increase bias, until after a trial outcome is known;

b) A blind — or blinded — experiment is an experiment in which information about the test is masked (kept) from the participant, to reduce or eliminate bias, until after a trial outcome is known;

c) A blind — or blinded — experiment is an experiment in which information about the test is shown to the participant, to reduce or eliminate bias, until after a trial outcome is known;

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

blind — or blinded — experiment is an experiment in which information about the test is masked (kept) from the participant, to reduce or eliminate bias, until after a trial outcome is known.

QUESTION 9D2

What kind of material does “PE” refer to?

a) Polyethylene;

b) Post-painted;

c) Poly-coating;

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com

Polyethylene.

QUESTION 9D3

What does RCCM stand for?

a) Remote-Controlled Crack Monitoring;

b) Remote-Controlled Creepy Monitoring;

c) Remote-Controlled Crisis Monitoring;

 

https://www.allacronyms.com

 

Remote-Controlled Crack Monitoring

QUESTION 9D4

Choose the best definition in Portuguese of “Hertz” (HZ)

a) A unit of frequency of electrical vibrations equal to one cycle per minute;

b) A unit of frequency of physical vibrations equal to one cycle per second;

c) A unit of frequency of electrical vibrations equal to one cycle per second;

 

http://www.webopedia.com

 

A unit of frequency of electrical vibrations equal to one cycle per second.

 

QUESTION 9D5

The best definition of “Cathodic protection”(CP) is: (W 555)

a) A technique used to control the corrosion of an internal pipe by making it the cathode of an electrical cell;

b) A technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of a mechanical cell;

c) A technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell;

 

Stress corrosion cracking of ferritic steel weld metal – the effect of nickel. Part 1

Paper published in Metal Construction, vol.14, no.2, Feb 1982, p73-79.

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

A technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.

QUESTION 9D6

Choose the correct definition of “TSA” (W 262)

a) Termic Sprayed Aluminium;

b) Thermal Sprayed Aluminium;

c) Thermos Spray Aluminium;

 

Characteristics and electrochemical corrosion behaviour of thermal sprayed aluminium (TSA) coatings prepared by various wire thermal spray processes

S. Shrestha and A. Sturgeon

TWI Ltd

E-mail: suman.shrestha@twi.co.uk

Paper published in EUROCORR 2005 Lisbon, Portugal, 4-8 September 2005.

 

Thermal Sprayed Aluminium.

QUESTION 9D7

The best definition of “FSPO” is:

a) FSPO unit is an aircraft used by the offshore oil and gas industry for the production and processing of hydrocarbons, and for the storage of oil;

b) FSPO unit is a floating vessel used by the offshore oil and gas industry for the production and processing of stainless steel, and for the storage of oil;

c) FSPO unit is a floating vessel used by the offshore oil and gas industry for the production and processing of hydrocarbons, and for the storage of oil;

 

https://en.wikipedia.org.

 

FSPO unit is a floating vessel used by the offshore oil and gas industry for the production and processing of hydrocarbons, and for the storage of oil.

QUESTION 9D8

What is the best definition of “Gaussian” in “…….much more Gaussian in shape ….” (W 116)

a) Being or having the shape of a straight line or a normal distribution;

b) Being or having the shape of a normal curve or a normal distribution;

c) Being or having the shape of a ball or a normal distribution;

 

Cutting Stainless Steel with Disc and CO2 Lasers

Paul Hilton  

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at Proceedings of LAMP2009 – the 5th International Congress on Laser Advanced Materials Processing.

www.merriam.webster.com

 

Being or having the shape of a normal curve or a normal distribution.

QUESTION 9D9

Choose the best definition of   “Welding joint”

a) It is a point or  edge where two or more pieces of metal or plastic are joined;

b) It is a point or edge where two or more pieces of metal or plastic are spread;

c) It is a point or edge where two or more pieces of metal or plastic are cut;

 

https://en.wikipedia.org

It is a point or edge where two or more pieces of metal or plastic are joined.

QUESTION 9E

Choose the best definition of “Disbonding” (W 396)

a) It is the failure of a coating to slip to the substrate to which it was applied;

b) It is the failure of a coating to adhere to the substrate to which it was applied;

c) It is the achievement of a coating to adhere to the substrate to which it was applied;

 

Eddy current and thermography application for robotic aircraft inspection

John R. Rudlin, TWI, Richard Fitch, Horton Levi Ltd, Gerhard Scheer, Kontrolltechnik GmbH,

Andreas Boenisch, Kontroll Technik, Germany 

Extended abstract of paper presented at BINDT Annual Conference 2002, Southport, 17 Sept. 2002.

https://www.corrosionpedia.com

 

It is the failure of a coating to adhere to the substrate to which it was applied.

QUESTION 9E1

What does “IQI” stand for?

a) Image Quality Indicator;

b) Image Quantity Indicator;

c) Image Quality Index;

 

http://ndtencyclopedia.com/

 

Image Quality Indicator.

QUESTION 9E2

The best definition of “Electrical Discharge Machining” (EDM) is: (W 324)

a) A process of gas machining in which a tool discharges thousands of sparks to a metal work-piece. A non-conventional process, EDM works on parts resistant to conventional machining processes, but only if these parts are electrically conductive;

b) A process of metal machining in which a tool discharges thousands of sparks to a metal work-piece. A non-conventional process, EDM works on parts resistant to conventional machining processes, but only if these parts are mechanically conductive;

c) A process of metal machining in which a tool discharges thousands of sparks to a metal work-piece. A non-conventional process, EDM works on parts resistant to conventional machining processes, but only if these parts are electrically conductive;

 

ADIMEW Test: Assessment of a cracked dissimilar metal weld assembly

John B Wintle, Bridget Hayes and Martin R Goldthorpe 

Paper presented at PVP 2004 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 25-29 July 2004, San Diego, CA., USA.

http://www.thomasnet.com

 

A process of metal machining in which a tool discharges thousands of sparks to a metal work-piece. A non-conventional process, EDM works on parts resistant to conventional machining processes, but only if these parts are electrically conductive.

QUESTION 9E3

The best definition of “Fracture” is:

a)  It is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress;

b)  It is the joint of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress;

c)  It is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of water;

 

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

It is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTION 9E4

What does “PCM” stand for?

a) Process Control Managing;

b) Process Cracking Monitor;

c) Process Control Monitor;

 

http://www.edaboard.com/

 

Process Control Monitor.

QUESTION 9E5

What are “Consumable electrodes” by definition? (W 542)

a) They are the ones that would have few changes in their structure when they are used;

b) They are the ones that would have significant changes in their structure when they are used;

c) They are the ones that would have no significant changes in their structure when they are used;

 

Moving Contact Arc Welding

G Verhaeghe, S Fisher (BNFL), W M Thomas, R L Jones and P Woollin 

Presented at International Conference on ‘Exploiting advances in arc welding technology’, Cambridge, UK, 30-31 March 1998

http://www.everlastgenerators.com

 

They are the ones that would have significant changes in their structure when they are used.

QUESTION 9E6

What is a “Calomel Electrode”? (W 489)

a) It is a reference electrode that is based on reactions between mercury (I) chloride (calomel) and elemental mercury;

b) It is a reference electrode that is based on reactions between sulphur (I) chloride (calomel) and elemental mercury;

c) It is a reference electrode that is based on reactions between mercury (I) chloride (calomel) and elemental aluminium;

 

Development of corrosion resistant coatings by HVOF spraying

M D F Harvey (TWI, UK), O Lunder (Sintef Materials Technology, Norway) and R Henriksen (Bandak AS, Norway).

Paper presented at International Thermal Spraying Conference, Montreal, Canada, 8-11 May 2000.

 

It is a reference electrode that is based on reactions between mercury (I) chloride (calomel) and elemental mercury.

QUESTION 9E7

Choose the correct definition of “Salt bridge”. (W 96)

a) It is a connection containing a strong electrolyte between the oxidation and reduction half-cells in a galvanic cell;

b) It is a connection containing  a weak electrolyte between the oxidation and increase half-cells in a galvanic cell;

c) It is a connection containing  a weak electrolyte between the oxidation and reduction half-cells in a galvanic cell;

 

Hydrogen induced stress cracking of duplex stainless steel subsea components

Amir Bahrami and Paul Woollin 

TWI Ltd

Cambridge, UK

Paper presented at 29th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2010), Shanghai, China, 6-11 June 2010.

https://www.thoughtco.com

 

It is a connection containing a weak electrolyte between the oxidation and reduction half-cells in a galvanic cell.

QUESTION 9E8

Choose the best definition of   “Powder Metallurgy” (PM)(W 141)

a) It is a term covering a wide range of ways in which materials or components are made from metal irons;

b) It is a term covering a wide range of ways in which materials or components are made from metal alloys;

c) It is a term covering a wide range of ways in which materials or components are made from metal powders;

 

Critical review of joining processes for powder metallurgy parts

C. Selcuk, S. Bond and P. Woollin

Metallurgy, Corrosion & Surfacing Technology Group, TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK. T: +44 (0) 1223 899 000, F: +44 (0) 1223 894 717.

Paper presented at Euro PM 2008 Congress and Exhibition, Mannheim, Germany, 29 Sept – 1 Oct 2008.

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

It is a term covering a wide range of ways in which materials or components are made from metal powders.

QUESTION 9E9

What is the best definition of the noun “Bar” (b)

a) It is a metric measurement unit of stress. One bar is equivalent to ten newtons (N) per square centimeter (cm²);

b) It is a metric measurement unit of pressure. One bar is equivalent to ten newtons (N) per square centimeter (cm²);

c) It is a metric measurement unit of joule. One bar is equivalent to ten newtons (N) per square centimeter (cm²);

 

http://www.aqua-calc.com

 

It is a metric measurement unit of pressure. One bar is equivalent to ten newtons (N) per square centimeter (cm²).

QUESTION 9F

What does “TIG” mean?

a) Tungsten inhale gas;

b) Tungsten inner gas;

c) Tungsten inert gas;

 

www.gjesr.com/Issues

 

Tungsten inert gas.

QUESTION 9F1

Choose the best definition of “Shear waves” (W 333)

a) They are the two main modes of propagation of water in solids;

b) They are the two main modes of propagation of acoustic energy in solids;

c) They are the two main modes of propagation of gas in solids;

 

Reliability of inspection for root flaws in riser girth welds

J R Rudlin, C R A Schneider and G R Razmjoo 

Paper presented at 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering OMAE, Vancouver, Canada 20-25 June 2004

Paper 51523

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

They are the two main modes of propagation of acoustic energy in solids.

QUESTION 9F2

Choose the best definition of “Work hardening.”  Then choose a synonym for it below“ (W 105)

a) It is the strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation;

b) It is the strengthening of a metal by acid deformation;

c) It is the strengthening of a metal by iron deformation;

 

a) Salt hardening;

b) Sand hardening;

c) Strain hardening;

 

Approaches for Determining Limit Load and Reference Stress for Circumferential Embedded Flaws in Pipe Girth Welds

Mohamad J Cheaitani 

TWI Ltd Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK

Pipeline Technology Conference, Ostend, Belgium 2009.

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

It is the strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation.

Strain hardening.

QUESTION 9F3

Choose the best definition of   ”Backing ring” (W 467)

a) It is a metal ring used inside a butt-welded joint to weaken the joint and to prevent weld metal from entering the pipe at the joint;

b) It is a metal ring used inside a butt-welded joint to reinforce the joint and to prevent weld metal from entering the pipe at the joint;

c) It is a metal ring used inside a butt-welded joint to change the joint and to prevent weld metal from entering the pipe at the joint;

 

Friction stir welding – invention, innovations and applications

Stephan W. Kallee, E. Dave Nicholas and Wayne M. Thomas 

TWI Ltd

INALCO 2001 

8th International Conference on Joints in Aluminium 

Munich, Germany, 28-30 March 2001

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary

 

It is a metal ring used inside a butt-welded joint to reinforce the joint and to prevent weld metal from entering the pipe at the joint.

QUESTION 9F4

Choose the best definition of “Non-destructive testing “(NTD) in Portuguese. (W 547)

a) É uma vasta gama de técnicas de análise em ciência e tecnologia utilizada para avaliar as propriedades de um material, componente ou sistema sem lhes causar danos;

b) É uma vasta gama de técnicas de análise em ciência e tecnologia utilizada para alterar as propriedades de um material, componente ou sistema sem lhes causar danos;

c) É uma vasta gama de técnicas de análise em ciência e tecnologia utilizada para recuperar as propriedades de um material, componente ou sistema sem lhes causar danos;

 

Joining technology for high volume manufacturing of lightweight vehicle structures

H J Powell and K Wiemer

This paper was presented at ‘Materials for Energy-Efficient Vehicles/Glass Technologies in the Automotive Industries’, 29th International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation, Florence Italy, 3-6 June 1996.

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

É uma vasta gama de técnicas de análise em ciência e tecnologia utilizada para avaliar as propriedades de um material, componente ou sistema sem lhes causar danos.

QUESTION 9F5

Choose the best translation of “Silicon Controlled Rectifier”

a) Retificador controlado por silênio;

b) Retificador controlado por silicônio;

c) Retificador controlado por silício;

 

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

Retificador controlado por silício.

QUESTION 9F6

Choose the best definition of   “Ultimate tensile strength” (UTS). (W 443)

a) It is the capacity of a material or structure to pull loads tending to elongate;

b) It is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to elongate;

c) It is the capacity of a material or structure to push loads tending to elongate;

 

Paper presCorrosion damage assessment and burst test validation of 8in X52 linepipe

Annette D Karstensen and Alan T Smith 

Structural Integrity Technology Group 

TWI Ltd 

Great Abington 

Cambridge CB1 6AL 

UK

Stuart N Smith 

Amerada Hess Ltd 

Scott House 

Harness Road 

Aberdeen AB1 4LE 

UK

ented at ASME 2001 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, July 22-26 2001.

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

It is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to elongate.

QUESTION 9F7

Choose the best definition of “Acoustic microscopy” (SAM)

a) It is a non-invasive and non-destructive technique that can be used to image the internal features of a specimen, in particular its interfaces;

b) It is an invasive and non-destructive technique that can be used to image the internal features of a specimen, in particular its interfaces;

c) It is a non-invasive and non-destructive technique that can be used to rebuild the internal features of a specimen, in particular its interfaces;

 

http://www.insidix.com

 

It is a non-invasive and non-destructive technique that can be used to image the internal features of a specimen, in particular its interfaces.

QUESTION 9F8

Choose the best definition of “Scanning electron microscope” (SEM) (W 515)

a) It is a type of electron tube that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons;

b) It is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons;

c) It is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of neutrons;

 

Effect of intermetallic content on pitting resistance of ferritic-austenitic stainless steels

Presented at ‘Stainless Steel ’99 Science and Market’, 3rd European Congress, Chia Laguna, Sardinia, Italy, 6-9 June 1999

By: B J Ginn and T G Gooch 

TWI Granta Park, Abington Cambridge CB1 6AL, UK.

https://en.wikipedia.org

 

It is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

QUESTION 9F9

Choose the best definition of “PCB” (Printed Circuit Board(s) (W 218)

a) It is an expensive and open-source software suite for electronic design automation (EDA);

b) It is a free and open-source hardware suite for electronic design automation (EDA);

c) It is a free and open-source software suite for electronic design automation (EDA);

 

Development of an automated optical imaging system for non destructive testing of printed circuit boards

P. Ian Nicholson, Jianxin Gao, and Philip Wallace 

TWI

Neil Tomlinson 

Machine Vision Products

Paper presented at BINDT 2006 Conference, 12-14 September 2006, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK.

www.microscan.eu.com

 

It is a free and open-source software suite for electronic design automation (EDA).

QUESTION 9G

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

Tests are performed over a range of stresses in order to generate creep rupture curves for both fused and un-fused specimens. (W 3)

  • What is the purpose of the tests mentioned in the text?

a) Gerar curvas de resistência à ruptura;

b) Gerar curvas de fragilidade à ruptura;

c) Gerar curvas de resistência à flacidez;

 

Short-term And Long-term Mechanical Testing To Evaluate The Effect Of Flaws In Butt Fusion Joints In Polyethylene Pipes

Mike Troughton and Amir Khamsehnezhad 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Division Conference, PVP2016, July 17-21, 2016, Vancouver, BC, Canada

 

Gerar curvas de resistência à ruptura.

QUESTION 9G1

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

Much of the established data for Single Edge Notched Tension tests (SENT) has been generated on ductile materials as tearing resistance curves (R-curves) in terms of J at ambient temperatures. But as SENT specimens become used more widely, lower temperature tests will be performed more often. (W 1)

 

  • Why will researchers intend to perform lower temperatures tests more often?

 

a) Porque (Single Edge Notched Tension) elementos com tensão entalhada na borda estão cada vez mais sendo usados;

b) Porque (Single Edge Notched Tension) elementos com fissuras entalhadas na borda estão cada vez mais sendo usados;

c) Porque (Single Edge Notched Tension) elementos com fricção entalhada na base estão cada vez mais sendo usados;

 

Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) Testing At Low Temperatures

Philippa L Moore and Andreea M Crintea 

TWI Ltd, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK

Paper presented at Proceedings of the 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference IPC2016 September 26-30, 2016, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

 

Porque (Single Edge Notched Tension) elementos com tensão entalhada na borda estão cada vez mais sendo usados.

QUESTION 9G2

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

To investigate the susceptibility of fusion zone microstructures to hydrogen embrittlement, three dissimilar weld samples were fabricated: 8630-Alloy 625, F22-Alloy 625 and F22-309LSi. The latter is not a combination normally used to complete joints of this type. (W 18)

  • According to the text, which alloy is the latter combination?

 

a) 8630-Alloy 625;

b) F22-Alloy 625;

c) F22-309LSi;

 

Fusion Zone Microstructure Associated With Embrittlement Of Subsea Dissimilar Joints

M.F. Dodge, H. B. Dong 

Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

M. F. Gittos, T. Mobberley 

TWI Ltd. Great Abington, Cambridge, UK

Presented at Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2014 June 8-13, 2014, San Francisco, CA, USA.

 

F22-309LSi.

QUESTION 9G3

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

The paper examines three main effects of welding, namely flaws, residual stresses, and macro/microstructural changes, but pays particular attention to aspects of flaws and their detectability in view of Sir Alan Cottrell’s special interest in this topic. (W 521)

  • What does the paper mentioned examine particularly?

 

a) Flacidez na soldadura;

b) Falhas na soldagem;

c) Endurecimento da soldagem;

 

Welds, their quality and inspection capability for high integrity structures and componentsR E Dolby, I J Munns, C R A Schneider and R H Leggatt TWI, CambridgePresented at 1999 TAGSI Seminar – ‘Fracture, Plastic Flow and Structural Integrity’ (dedicated to Sir Alan Cottrell in the year of his Eightieth Birthday), Held at TWI, Cambridge, UK, 29 April 1999.

 

Falhas na soldagem.

QUESTION 9G4

Read the text below and choose the correct answers in Portuguese.

TWI is among a group of seven organisations collaborating on a project that has developed a new coating technology to protect offshore steel structures from corrosion and bio-fouling. (Welding 12)

  • What has TWI done?

 

a) Desenvolveu uma tecnologia de ponta;

b) Desenvolveu uma tecnologia de suporte;

c) Desenvolveu uma tecnologia de revestimento;

 

  • What is the purpose of the action?

 

a) Proteger estruturas de aço da corrosão e da bio inscrustação;

b) Proteger estruturas de aço da corrosão e do ecossistema;

c) Proteger estruturas de aço da integração biológica;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/new-coating-resists-corrosion-and-biofouling-618/ – 2016-04-27.

 

Desenvolveu uma tecnologia de revestimento.

Proteger estruturas de aço da corrosão e da bio inscrustação.

QUESTION 9G5

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese

Barnacles settle on surfaces and breach through protective paint layers, causing extensive damage to the surface. Developed at TWI, this new coating technology has now been extensively tested in simulated offshore conditions.. (Welding 12)

  • What does barnacle mean?

 

a) Algas;

b) Tubarões;

c) Crustáceos;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/new-coating-resists-corrosion-and-biofouling-618/ – 2016-04-27.

 

Crustáceos.

 

QUESTION 9G6

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

TWI Ltd has supported Magnox Ltd to develop a first-of-a-kind automated laser cutting facility for the size reduction of nuclear waste skips. The facility has been commissioned at Hinkley Point ‘A’ nuclear power station, and was demonstrated by size-reducing three ILW classified skips. (Welding 16)

  • What have TWI and Magnox Ltd done together?

 

a) Desenvolveram um equipamento automático a laser para simplificação de tarefas;

b) Desenvolveram um equipamento automático a laser para corte de material;

c) Desenvolveram um equipamento automático a laser para corte das tarefas difíceis;

 

  • What is the purpose of the project?

 

a) Visa reduzir a produção de resíduos nucleares;

b) Visa reduzir a produção de radiação;

c) Visa evitar a produção de lixo tóxico nuclear;

 

www.twi-global.com/…/laser-cutting-an-innovative-approach-to-size-reduction-of-magnox-skip-614/ – 2017-03-23.

 

Desenvolveram um equipamento automático a laser para corte de material.

Visa reduzir a produção de resíduos nucleares.

QUESTION 9G7

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

In 2013 a project was initiated by Magnox Ltd with the aim of developing, commissioning and demonstrating a remote laser size reduction facility at Hinkley Point A (HPA). The specific project objectives were as follows:

a) establish a prototype fibre laser cutting size reduction facility at HPA

b) size-reduce three ILW classified Magnox nuclear waste skips, of various dose rates, transported from Sellafield Ltd

c) develop a safety case for the fibre laser cutting facility

d) demonstrate the capability of the technology to size-reduce at least one skip per day. (Welding 16)

 

* One of the objectives of the project mentioned in the text was:

a) Desenvolver e demonstrar a capacidade do sistema em reduzir a produção de resíduos tóxicos;

b) Desenvolver e demonstrar a capacidade do sistema em eliminar todo resíduo tóxico presente;

c) Desenvolver e demonstrar a capacidade do sistema em transportar com segurança todo resíduo tóxico produzido;

 

www.twi-global.com/…/laser-cutting-an-innovative-approach-to-size-reduction-of-magnox-skip-614/ – 2017-03-23.

 

Desenvolver e demonstrar a capacidade do sistema em reduzir a produção de resíduos tóxicos.

QUESTION 9G8

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

In 2014 TWI launched PolyTest: a new invention capable of reliably and non-destructively detecting flaws in welds in plastic pipelines.  Several Member companies have already benefited from the new technology, which uses phased array ultrasonic testing techniques to identify flaws in welded joints in polyethylene (PE) pipes caused by factors such as cold fusion, contaminants and under-penetration. (Welding 27)

  • What is Polytest?

 

a) Uma tecnologia capaz de detectar com pequena margem de erro falhas de solda em tubulações plásticas;

b) Uma tecnologia capaz de reconhecer juntas de solda em tubulações plásticas;

c) Uma tecnologia capaz de detectar com segurança falhas de solda em tubulações plásticas;

 

  • What does this new technology do?

 

a) Identifica falhas em juntas soldadas;

b) Identifica falhas em materiais utilizados no processo;

c) Identifica falhas no processo determinado para a soldagem;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/plastic-pipe-inspection-made-simple-with-polytest-603/ – 2015-08-21.

 

Uma tecnologia capaz de detectar com segurança falhas de solda em tubulações plásticas.

Identifica falhas em juntas soldadas.

 

QUESTION 9G9

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

TWI has developed a solid state bonding procedure for aluminium lithium alloys.

The successful development of aluminium alloys containing up to 3wt% Li has led to a new range of materials offering low density, high stiffness and high strength.  The potential of these materials lies in areas where weight saving is important, and their properties are exploited by the aerospace industries. One other advantage of the AI Li alloys is that they can be processed to achieve a very fine grain size, which imparts super-plasticity to their range of properties. (Welding 40)

  • What has TWI developed?

 

a) Uma técnica de cisalhmento para ligas de alumínio e lítio;

b) Uma técnica de soldagem para ligas de alumínio e lítio;

c) Uma técnica de montagem em estado sólido para ligas de alumínio e lítio;

 

  • What has the development of the new aluminium alloys led to?

 

a) Levou a uma nova gama de materiais com baixa densidade, alta rigidez e resistência;

b) Levou a uma nova gama de materiais com baixa densidade, alta porosidade e resistência;

c) Levou a uma nova gama de materiais com baixa densidade, alta rigidez e alta flexibilidade;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/ai-li-alloy-bonding-001/ – 2014-05-06.

 

Uma técnica de soldagem para ligas de alumínio e lítio.

Levou a uma nova gama de materiais com baixa densidade, alta rigidez e resistência.

QUESTION 9H

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

TWI is the world’s premier centre for materials joining technology, with some 550 staff in a number of facilities within the UK and other parts of the world. Its headquarters are located in Cambridge, UK. TWI is a private, non-profit distributing company that provides R&Dmp;D, consultancy, training, technology transfer and advice for its 2000+ Industrial Members worldwide.

TWI has a long history of innovation but does not seek to protect most of its developments, rather favouring the rapid introduction of new ideas to its Members and the wider engineering community. However, when a disruptive innovation appears, TWI will seek to protect it to assist its effective uptake by industry and, if possible, to enhance TWI’s own business aims. (Welding 41)

  • What kind of institution is TWI?

 

a) TWI é um centro de excelência em tecnologia de soldagem com mais de 550 funcionários espalhados pelo Reino Unido e outras partes do mundo;

b) TWI é um centro de excelência em tecnologia de soldagem com aproximadamente 550 funcionários espalhados pelo Reino Unido e outras partes do mundo;

c) TWI é um centro de excelência em tecnologia de soldagem com pouco mais de 550 funcionários espalhados pelo Reino Unido e outras partes do mundo;

 

  • What is the attitude of the organisation towards its new developments?

 

a) A empresa procura não proteger suas criações; antes busca levá-las ao conhecimento de seus membros e de áreas específicas da engenharia;

b) A empresa procura não proteger suas criações, antes busca levá-las ao conhecimento de seus membros e da área de engenharia;

c) A empresa procura não proteger suas criações, quando pode busca levá-las ao conhecimento de seus membros e da área de engenharia;

 

www.twi-global.com/…/published-papers/advanced-joining-techniques-for-the-21st-century/ – 2004-11-11.

 

TWI é um centro de excelência em tecnologia de soldagem com aproximadamente 550 funcionários espalhados pelo Reino Unido e outras partes do mundo.

A empresa procura não proteger suas criações, antes busca levá-las ao conhecimento de seus membros e da área de engenharia.

QUESTION 9H1

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

Typical fuel storage containers (Courtesy, GEC Alsthom)

GEC ALSTHOM Engineering Systems Ltd have been involved in the design of storage tubes for spent nuclear fuel elements.

To identify candidate tube materials and welds, GEC asked TWI to carry out an experimental programme to determine the static and dynamic tensile and fracture toughness properties. TWI’s 10m drop-weight tower was used for the high loading rate tests, which allowed an impact speed of up to 13400mm/s (30mph).

(Welding 380)

  • What project has GEC been involved in?

 

a) A empresa está envolvida no desenvolvimento de tubulação para armazenagem de combustível nuclear irradiado;

b) A empresa está envolvida no desenvolvimento de tubulação para o transporte de lixo tóxico;

c) A empresa está envolvida no desenvolvimento de tubulação para armazenagem de combustíveis renováveis;

 

  • To identify materials and welds, what exactly has GEC asked TWI to do?

 

a) A empresa pediu à TWI para desenvolver um programa para determinar propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas de avaliação de fratura e tração;

b) A empresa pediu à TWI para desenvolver um programa para determinar propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas de resistência à fratura e à tração;

c) A empresa pediu à TWI para desenvolver um programa para determinar propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas de adesão à fratura e à tração;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/design-advice-at-30-mph-335/ – 2014-05-06.

 

A empresa está envolvida no desenvolvimento de tubulação para armazenagem de combustível nuclear irradiado.

A empresa pediu à TWI para desenvolver um programa para determinar propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas de resistência à fratura e à tração.

QUESTION 9H2

Read the text below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

Over 376 friction stir welded (FSW) vehicles have been ordered from Bombardier for the latest Victoria Line upgrade.

The process is being used to join stiff longitudinal extrusions which constitute the carbody’s sidewalls. The welding is sub-contracted to Swedish supplier Sapa Profiler, who hold a TWI friction stir welding licence.

FSW is likely to be used on future contracts for over 2200 more new trains in the next decade. This work stems from the successful introduction, some time ago, of friction stir welding on the lower body-side panels of mainline trains. The technological and commercial advantages of the process were studied and found favourable by Bombardier and London Underground.

Bombardier first showed interest in friction stir welding 11 years ago and Bombardier became a member of the first TWI Group Sponsored Project and has subscribed to several similar projects since then. After a three year process review by Bombardier the manufacturer introduced friction stir welding onto its Electro-star range of vehicles for the UK market.

It is now pursuing its research into friction stir welding through both internal and European projects which are geared towards improving the crash-worthiness of today’s rail vehicles throughout Europe. (Welding 440)

 

  • According to the text, what is Bombardier´s purpose in ordering FSW vehicles?

 

a) O propósito da empresa é excluir extrusões longitudinais rígidas que constituem a lateral das carrocerias dos vagões da Cia;

b) O propósito da empresa é soldar extrusões longitudinais flácidas que constituem a lateral das carrocerias dos vagões da Cia;

c) O propósito da empresa é soldar extrusões longitudinais rígidas que constituem a lateral das carrocerias dos vagões da Cia;

 

  • What made Bombardier decide to use FSW?

 

a) A empresa busca melhorar o conforto dos passageiros que circulam nos trens da Europa hoje;

b) A empresa busca melhorar a segurança dos passageiros em caso de colisão dos trens que circulam por toda Europa hoje;

c) A empresa busca melhorar o acesso dos passageiros aos trens que circulam por toda Europa hoje;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/friction-stir-welding-on-the-london-underground-383/ – 2014-05-06.

 

O propósito da empresa é soldar extrusões longitudinais rígidas que constituem a lateral das carrocerias dos vagões da Cia.

A empresa busca melhorar a segurança dos passageiros em caso de colisão dos trens que circulam por toda Europa hoje.

QUESTION 9H3

Read the extract below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

…..Approximately one month after the failure of the crude oil tank, a neighbouring gas oil tank failed during hydrotest….These failures raised concern over the weld inspection method specified in the API Code which relied on taking boat samples from the welds. In the case of the crude oil tank, the failure initiated from a poorly repaired boat sample site and in the case of the gas oil tank a significant defect was missed by the inspection method. These concerns led towards the use of radiography for weld inspection in storage tanks. The failures also highlighted the importance of material toughness for storage tanks, and the introduction of the use of materials with minimum Charpy V properties greatly improved the safety of these structures. (Welding 190)

  • According to the text, how was the gas oil tank failure found?

 

a) Quando da aplicação de um teste hidrostático;

b) Quando o tanque apresentou problemas operacionais;

c) Quando a mistura de água e gás gerou corrosão;

 

  • What were the possible reasons for the failure to happen?

 

a) Um reparo vencido;

b) Um reparo mal feito;

c) Falha no método de inspeção;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/fawley-crude-oil-storage-tank-186/ – 2013-05-29.

 

Quando da aplicação de um teste hidrostático.

Falha no método de inspeção.

 

QUESTION 9H4

Read the extract below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

Training and qualification services for the aerospace industry sector – A properly trained and qualified workforce is the vital resource of every organisation keen to maintain its competitive advantage in tough home and international markets. TWI’s training and qualification services are designed to enhance the skills of all those engaged in welding, joining, inspection, NDT and related activities.

We offer

* Globally recognised training and certification

* Practical lessons, problem solving techniques developed over 30 years as a training and examination provider

* The expertise of experienced instructors and examiners

* Over 50 years’ experience gained as one of the world’s leading research and development organisations

* Adaptability – we can tailor courses to match your industry, company or personal requirements

* A comprehensive range of examinations to complement the training offered by TWI

* Flexibility – location and timing are flexible and courses can be held at your own premises, in the UK or worldwide. (Welding 243)

  • What is essential for the aerospace industry to keep competitive according to the text?

 

a) É essencial ter pessoal treinado e com experiência de anos na área;

b) É essencial ter pessoal treinado e qualificado;

c) É essencial ter pessoal com conhecimentos na área;

 

  • What is the purpose of TWI´s training services?

 

a) O treinamento da empresa visa avaliar as habilidades profissionais dos envolvidos nas áreas em questão;

b) O treinamento da empresa visa melhorar as habilidades profissionais dos tecnólogos e inspetores envolvidos nas áreas em questão;

c) O treinamento da empresa visa melhorar as habilidades profissionais de todos os envolvidos nas áreas em questão;

 

www.twi-global.com/…/training-and-qualification-services-for-the-aerospace-industry-sector-235/- 2015-05-27.

 

É essencial ter pessoal treinado e qualificado.

O treinamento da empresa visa melhorar as habilidades profissionais de todos os envolvidos nas áreas em questão.

 

QUESTION 9H5

Read the extract below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

Power-weave – Energy revolution – fibres generating and storing energy – Researchers are changing dramatically the way energy generation and energy storage is made available. One way of achieving this is designing and developing these features directly integrated on a flexible fibrous matrix and yarn, through the European Commission-funded project Power-weave – Development of Textiles for Electrical Energy Generation and Storage.

Power-weave has now been running over twelve months and brings together thirteen European partners from seven countries. The project will last forty-two months and the total grant is 4 million euros. The consortium comprises: TWI Limited, EPFL, Centexbel, Brunel University London, CeNTI, Ohmatex, Bonar Technical Fabrics, VdS-Weaving, Lind-strand Technologies, Sefar, Cetemmsa, Cyanine Technologies, PPC – Peerless Plastic Coatings.

Solar cells for electricity generation using photoelectric materials have been a reality for more than 20 years, although until recently only available in rigid, silicon based devices/panels. Recent trends have seen the introduction of the semi-rigid and polymer-based ‘flexible’ patch panels. Flexible batteries have also been made. Both have been ‘attached’ to fabrics to provide energy harvesting and storage-based garments and other textile products. (Welding 503)

  • What new way did researchers find to generate and store energy?

 

a) A geração e armazenamento de energia são feitos com base em uma matriz integrada de fibras e carvão mineral;

b) A geração e armazenamento de energia são feitos com base em uma matriz integrada de fibras e filamentos;

c) A geração e armazenamento de energia são feitos com base em uma matriz de fibras e crustáceos;

 

How many organizations have given financial support to the project?

 

a) 13 organizações fazem parte do projeto;

b) 07 organizações fazem parte do projeto;

c) 42 organizações fazem parte do projeto;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/powerweave-case-study-energy-revolution-528/ – 2014-11-10.

 

A geração e armazenamento de energia são feitos com base em uma matriz integrada de fibras e filamentos.

13 organizações fazem parte do projeto.

QUESTION 9H6

Read the extract below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

TWI has helped WallJAM bring its sports rebound wall product closer to market by providing advice and know-how in materials, design and fabrication.

Background

A generation ago, it was commonplace for children to play outside. Among other activities, this play often included playing with a ball against a vertical surface such as the wall of a house or garage, or a garden wall. Sadly, such outdoor recreation is on the decline, due in part to a reduction in land availability and in part to a cultural shift towards more sedentary, indoor forms of entertainment such as computer games and online media. One result of this is that the present generation of young children has much less exposure to the skill development routines of, for example, hitting or kicking a ball against a wall.

WallJAM is an interactive rebound wall that is designed to deliver data based on the power and accuracy of a ball strike against an array of sensor-based targets. It offers users a new way of training and offers the perfect platform for improving performance and technique. The wall connects with an app on the user’s phone which allows players to book and play games, upload and compare results and review historic performance data. WallJAM has already attracted a great deal of attention. After successfully testing its pilot at the Harefield Academy in Uxbridge, the company has been shortlisted in the Daily Telegraph Sports Technology Awards in the Most Promising Concept category. (Welding 4)

  • How has TWI helped WallJAM with its product?

 

a) A TWI forneceu materiais para fabricação do produto;

b) A TWI forneceu expertise em mercado, matéria prima e fabricação;

c) A TWI forneceu expertise em materiais, projetos e fabricação;

 

  • What is WallJAM product exactly?

 

a) O produto é uma parede de rebote interativa;

b) O produto é uma parede visual interativa;

c) O produto é uma parede para jogos integrados;

 

  • How does it work?

 

a) O brinquedo dá informação sobre a força e a vibração do golpe da bola sobre um conjunto de alvos equipados com sensores;

b) O brinquedo dá informação sobre a força e a precisão do golpe da bola sobre um conjunto de alvos equipados com sensores;

c) O brinquedo dá informação sobre a velocidade e a precisão do golpe da bola sobre um conjunto de alvos equipados com sensores;

 

www.twi-global.com/news-events/case-studies/walljam-beat-the-best-622/ – 2016-07-15.

 

A TWI forneceu expertise em materiais, projetos e fabricação.

O produto é uma parede de rebote interativa.

O brinquedo dá informação sobre a força e a precisão do golpe da bola sobre um conjunto de alvos equipados com sensores.

QUESTION 9H7

Read the extract below and choose the correct answer in Portuguese.

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an attractive technology for material joining. Contrary to conventional welding methods, friction welding has the ability to produce welds with higher integrity and minimum induced distortion and residual stress. In this paper, the FSW process is simulated for steel and aluminium flat sheets, where the torque, temperature and deformation zones around friction stir tools are investigated. The present simulations are compared to several experimental trials performed at TWI, where different tool profiles are being tested on different steels. Process parameters, such as tool rotational speed and traversing speed, are tested in order to identify the envelope of the process in terms of weld quality and tool integrity. (W 35) (1).

  • According to the text, what is different about FSW in comparison with conventional welding methods?

 

a) FSW produz soldas com integridade mais elevada e baixa distorção induzida e estresse residual;

b) FSW produz soldas com integridade relativa e baixa distorção induzida e estresse residual;

c) FSW produz soldas com integridade mais elevada e alta distorção induzida e estresse residual;

 

  • What experiment do researchers do?

 

a) FSW é aplicada em chapas planas de ferro e alumínio, onde o torque e as zonas de temperatura e deformação em torno da ferramenta são investigados;

b) FSW é aplicada em chapas planas de aço e alumínio, onde o choque  e as zonas de temperatura e deformação em torno da ferramenta são investigados;

c) FSW é aplicada em chapas planas de aço e alumínio, onde o torque e as zonas de temperatura e deformação em torno da ferramenta são investigados;

 

  • What is the purpose of testing the process parameters mentioned in the text?

 

a) Os parâmetros do processo são testados com a finalidade de identificar a qualidade da solda e a potência da ferramenta;

b) Os parâmetros do processo são testados com a finalidade de identificar a qualidade da solda e a integridade da ferramenta;

c) Os parâmetros do processo são testados com a finalidade de identificar a durabilidade da solda e a integridade da ferramenta;

 

Numerical investigations of friction stir welding of high temperature materials

A. Elbanhawy, E. Chevallier, K. Domin 

TWI Ltd, Structural Integrity Technology Group  

Presenter: Dr Amr Elbanhawy, Project Leader at TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK 

NAFEMS world congress, Salzburg, Austria, 9-12 June 2013.

 

FSW produz soldas com integridade mais elevada e baixa distorção induzida e estresse residual.

FSW é aplicada em chapas planas de aço e alumínio, onde o torque e as zonas de temperatura e deformação em torno da ferramenta são investigados.

Os parâmetros do processo são testados com a finalidade de identificar a qualidade da solda e a integridade da ferramenta.