The flaw had been present in the steel plate prior to being welded when the tank was originally built. (W 197) (1)

Steel plate  = Chapa de aço

The welding sequence begins when the hot plate, at a preset temperature, is positioned between the two pipe ends. (W 232) (2)

Hot plate = Placa de aquecimento / aquecida

Close fit-up between the stiffeners and the base plate was maintained during tack welding using the pneumatic bridging clamps. (W 189) (3)

Base plate = Placa de base

(1) Evaluation of CrackFirst TM fatigue sensors

Yan H Zhang*, Peter J Tubby*, Chris Allen*, and Jagath Mawella**

* TWI Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AL, UK 

** Defence Equipment and Support, Ministry of Defence, Abbeywood, Bristol BS34 8JH, UK

Paper presented at 2007 CF/DRDC International Defence Applications of Materials meeting, Halifax, Canada, 5-7 June 2007.

(2) Welding and testing of thermoplastics tanks and pipes

Mike Troughton BSc PhD CPhys MinstP 

Paper presented at Non-metallic pressure equipment seminar, 5 June 2006, London, I Mech E.

(3) Laser and hybrid laser-MAG welding of steel structures for shipbuilding

Steve Shi and David Howse

Laser & Sheet Processes Group, TWI Ltd

Paper presented at 2007 International Forum on Welding Technologies in Shipping Industry held in Shanghai on 16-18 June 2007.