As with all friction processes FSW is a solid phase welding method which operates below the melting point of the work-piece material. (W 190) (1)

Welding method = Método de soldagem

A comparative study of the surface inspection methods was organised by Angel Trains and carried out by Engineering Link following the Rickerscote accident. (W 351) (2)

Inspection method = Método de inspeção

As will be described later, crack initiation and growth in welds were determined by a replica method. (W 114) (3)

Replica method = Método de replica

(1) Friction stir welding of aluminium ships

Fred Delany, Stephan W Kallee and Mike J Russell

TWI China, Baliqiaobei Chaoyang District, P O Box 863, 100024 Beijing, P.R. China

Tel: +86 (0)10 8570 3255, enquiries@twichina.com

Paper presented at 2007 International Forum on Welding Technologies in the Shipping Industry (IFWT) Held in conjunction with the Beijing Essen Welding and Cutting Fair in Shanghai, 16-19 June 2007.

(2) Review of Rail Axle Inspection Methods

J R Rudlin and R Shipp

Paper presented at International Seminar on Railway Axles, Imperial College, London, 25-26 Sept. 2003.

(3) Fatigue life prediction for toe ground welded joints

Yan-Hui Zhang and Stephen J Maddox

Structural Integrity Technology Group

TWI Limited

Granta Park

Great Abington

Cambridge

CB1 6AL, UK

Paper published in International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 31, Issue 7, July 2009, 1124-1136.