An experimental approach requires a set of samples with known, preferably natural, fatigue cracks. (W 234) (1)

Experimental approach = Abordagem experimental

A conservative approach is to use a high pH value towards the end of the test duration and as values were in general fairly steady at around 500 hours; this level was taken as the measure of test environment pH. (W 494) (2)

Conservative approach = Abordagem conservadora

The material models and the proposed modelling approach have been applied for simulation of vehicle impact. (W 233) (3)

Modelling approach = Abordagem modeladora

(1) Inspection reliability and periodicity for rail axle inspection

John Rudlin, Amin Muhammed and Charles Schneider

Paper published in Insight Vol,48, No.6, pp348-351, June 2006.

(2) The effect of low H2S concentrations on welded steels

R J Pargeter

TWI

Paper 143, Corrosion 2000, NACE International, Orlando, Florida, USA, 26-31 March 2000.

(3) Modelling of crashworthy welded joints of aluminium railway carbodies.

J. Davenport 1 , W. Xu 1 , M. Wilson 2 , D. Zangani 3 ,

1 TWI, Cambridge, United Kingdom;

2 Bombardier Transportation, Derby, United Kingdom;

3 D’Appolonia S.p.A., Genova, Italy

Paper presented at the 7th World Congress on Railway Research (WCRR2006), June 4-8, 2006, Montreal, Canada.