The procedures gave reproducible welds of acceptable quality and satisfactory mechanical properties, although higher carbon containing steels may necessitate increased heat input to achieve acceptable hardness levels. (W 266) (1)

Hardness level = Nível de rigidez

This philosophy, of an acceptance of a certain porosity level, is commonly taken in the automotive industry, where expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to apply pre-welding aluminium cleaning treatments to reduce weld porosity levels are not the norm. (W 228) (2)

Porosity level = Nível de porosidade

The strength level is controlled by the amount of marten-site in the steel, as well as the heat treatment during processing. (W 366) (3)

Strength level = Nível de firmeza

(1) Development of Nd:Yag Laser-MAG hybrid welding of T joints for shipbuilding

C H J Gerritsen 1 , J Weldingh 2,3 , J Klæstrup Kristensen 2 

1 TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AL, UK;

2 Force Technology, Park Allé 345, 2605 Brøndby, Denmark;

3 Currently with Struers A/S, Pederstrupvej 84, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark;

Paper presented at NoLAMP 10 (10th Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference) 17-19 August 2005 Lulea, Sweden.

(2) Hybrid Nd:YAG Laser-AC MIG welding of thin section automotive aluminium alloy

C M Allen

TWI Ltd., Granta Park, Gt. Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AL, United Kingdom.

Paper presented at Eurojoin 6, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 28 – 30 June, 2006.

(3) Resistance spot welding of high strength steels

G Shi and S A Westgate

TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AL, UK

Paper presented at JOM – Eleventh International Conference on the Joining of Materials, 25-28 May 2003, Helsingor, Denmark.